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Premarital Counseling: A Path to a Stronger, Happier Marriage As a psychologist, I’ve seen firsthand how premarital counseling can make a world of difference for couples preparing to embark on one of the most significant journeys of their lives—marriage. In many cultures, including India and abroad, marriage is considered a lifelong commitment, and the expectations surrounding it can be overwhelming. While it’s natural to feel excited, it’s also essential to acknowledge that even the most loving relationships can face challenges. That’s where premarital counseling comes in—helping couples build a strong foundation before they say, “I do.”   What is Premarital Counseling? Premarital counseling is a type of therapy designed to help couples explore and discuss critical aspects of their relationship before tying the knot. It offers a safe space to address potential conflicts, improve communication, and deepen mutual understanding. Whether you’re in a long-distance relationship or planning a traditional wedding, premarital counseling can help you navigate the complexities of marriage with confidence.   Why is Premarital Counseling Important? Marriage isn’t just about love; it involves compatibility, compromise, and shared goals. Premarital counseling helps couples address these factors in a way that strengthens their bond. Here’s why it’s so crucial: 1.Improves Communication Communication is often the root of many relationship issues. In the excitement leading up to marriage, couples may overlook how they communicate with each other. Premarital counseling helps you build healthy communication patterns, ensuring you can discuss your feelings, expectations, and concerns openly and respectfully. 2.Sets Expectations for the Future Every person comes into marriage with their own expectations—whether it’s about family life, career ambitions, or household responsibilities. Premarital counseling encourages couples to discuss these expectations openly. It allows both partners to understand and align their visions for the future, minimizing the potential for misunderstandings after marriage. 3.Addresses Emotional and Financial Health Marriage brings not only emotional bonds but also financial ties. Couples often overlook the importance of discussing financial matters before marriage, leading to unnecessary stress later on. Premarital counseling provides a platform to discuss everything from budgeting to handling debt, ensuring you’re on the same page. Emotional well-being is another key focus—how do you each handle stress, conflict, or personal challenges? It’s essential to understand how to support one another in times of need. 4.Helps with Conflict Resolution No marriage is without conflict. Disagreements are inevitable, but how you handle them can either strengthen or weaken your bond. In counseling, couples learn healthy conflict-resolution techniques that allow for constructive discussions and solutions, rather than escalation. This makes dealing with inevitable issues much easier once you’re married. 5.Strengthens Emotional Intimacy Premarital counseling allows couples to explore their emotional intimacy in a safe space. It helps identify each person’s emotional needs, love language, and boundaries. Understanding how to nurture emotional intimacy can create a deeper connection between partners, which is essential for a lasting marriage. 6.Cultural Sensitivity in the Indian Context In Indian culture, marriage is often seen as a union of families rather than just individuals. This dynamic can bring additional complexities—especially with expectations from in-laws, family traditions, and societal pressures. Premarital counseling provides couples the opportunity to discuss these unique challenges openly, helping them find strategies to navigate family dynamics and cultural expectations without feeling overwhelmed. 7.The Impact on the Relationship Premarital counseling doesn’t just provide immediate benefits—it can have a lasting impact on the overall relationship. Couples who engage in premarital counseling tend to have stronger marriages, better communication, and healthier coping strategies during difficult times. Research shows that couples who attend premarital counseling are more likely to experience higher marital satisfaction and lower divorce rates.   What Can You Expect in Premarital Counseling? The process can vary depending on your counselor’s approach, but generally, premarital counseling covers the following areas: Self-Assessment :Understanding yourself and your partner. This may include personality tests, learning about individual strengths and weaknesses, and discussing past relationships. Communication Training:Learning how to communicate effectively with each other, including conflict management and emotional expression. Goal Setting:Setting realistic goals for your future together, such as career plans, family aspirations, and financial management. Conflict Management:Learning techniques to handle disagreements in a healthy way without escalating tension. Exploring Family Dynamics:Understanding how each partner’s family background and culture influence their views on marriage. How Premarital Counseling Impacts Couples While many people enter marriage with high hopes and dreams, they may not fully anticipate the adjustments required after the wedding. Premarital counseling prepares couples for these changes by fostering understanding, patience, and respect. It also empowers couples to develop the tools necessary to keep their marriage thriving long after the honeymoon phase. In my experience, couples who have undergone counseling are better equipped to handle life’s challenges. They are more likely to approach problems as a team rather than individuals, knowing they can rely on each other for emotional support. Additionally, they are more prepared to deal with common marital issues like parenting, household responsibilities, and work-life balance.   Marriage is a beautiful, lifelong commitment, and premarital counseling ensures that couples start this journey on the right foot. By addressing crucial topics like communication, emotional intimacy, and conflict resolution before saying “I do,” couples set themselves up for a more fulfilling, harmonious marriage. Whether you’re from India or abroad, the benefits of premarital counseling are universal—helping couples of all cultures and backgrounds build stronger, healthier partnerships. As a psychologist, my advice is simple: don’t wait until problems arise—take proactive steps now to build a resilient, loving marriage. After all, a happy marriage doesn’t just happen—it’s created, nurtured, and grown together.  

Managing Menstrual Mood Swings Menstruation, a natural biological process for women, often comes with a range of physical and emotional symptoms. One of the most common and often overlooked challenges is the experience of mood swings. These fluctuations in mood can significantly impact a woman’s daily life, relationships, and overall well-being. Understanding the underlying causes and implementing effective coping strategies can help women navigate these emotional ups and downs with greater ease.   The Science Behind Menstrual Mood Swings Hormonal changes play a pivotal role in it. The fluctuating levels of estrogen and progesterone, the primary hormones in women, can influence the brain’s chemistry, leading to changes in mood. These hormonal fluctuations can affect the levels of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which play a crucial role in regulating mood and emotions.   Common Mood Swings During Menstruation   Irritability and moodiness – Feeling easily annoyed or upset. Anxiety and restlessness – Experiencing feelings of worry or unease. Depression and sadness – Feeling down or hopeless. Increased sensitivity – Being more easily upset or offended. Cravings and changes in appetite – Experiencing unusual cravings or changes in eating habits.   Coping Strategies for Menstrual Mood Swings While it’s normal to experience some mood swings during menstruation, there are several strategies that can help women manage these symptoms and improve their overall well-being:   1. Self-Care and Stress Management: Engage in relaxing activities: Practice relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing. Get enough sleep: Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night. Exercise regularly: Physical activity can help reduce stress and improve mood. Manage stress: Practice stress-reduction techniques like time management, mindfulness, or journaling.   2. Healthy Lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet: Consume a variety of nutrient-rich foods to support overall health and well-being. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day. Limit caffeine and alcohol: These substances can exacerbate it.   3. Communication and Support: Talk to someone: Share your feelings with a trusted friend, family member, or therapist. Join a support group: Connect with other women who are experiencing similar challenges. Seek professional help: If mood swings are significantly impacting your daily life, consider seeking counseling or therapy.   4. Mindfulness and Acceptance: Practice mindfulness: Pay attention to your thoughts and feelings without judgment. Accept the ups and downs: Recognize that mood swings are a normal part of the menstrual cycle. Menstrual mood swings are a common experience that can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. By understanding the underlying causes and implementing effective coping strategies, women can navigate these emotional challenges with greater ease.   You are not alone, and seeking support can make a significant difference in your well-being.     – Shamshi Mubarak Psychologist

Common Couple Issues and Solutions Relationships are a beautiful journey, but they are not without their challenges. Overcoming these challenges requires open communication, empathy, and a willingness to work together. In this article, we will explore some common couple issues and offer practical solutions to help you navigate your relationship successfully. Communication Breakdown: Effective communication is the cornerstone of any healthy relationship. When communication breaks down, it can lead to misunderstandings, resentment, and even conflict. To improve communication, try these strategies: Active listening: Pay attention to your partner’s words, tone of voice, and body language. “I” statements: Express your feelings using “I” statements to avoid blaming or accusing your partner. Avoid defensiveness: Listen to your partner’s perspective without becoming defensive. Schedule regular “check-ins”: Set aside time to talk about your relationship and address any issues. Lack of Intimacy: Intimacy is an essential part of any relationship. When intimacy wanes, it can lead to feelings of distance and disconnection. Here are some tips for reigniting the spark: Prioritize quality time: Spend time together doing activities you both enjoy. Explore new experiences: Try something new together to keep things exciting. Openly communicate your needs: Talk to your partner about your desires and needs. Be physically affectionate: Touch, hugs, and kisses can go a long way in strengthening your emotional connection. Financial Stress: Money is a common source of conflict in relationships. To manage financial stress, consider these strategies: Create a budget together: Develop a financial plan that works for both of you.Communicate openly about finances: Talk about your spending habits, goals, and concerns.Seek professional help if needed: A financial advisor can help you develop a plan to manage your finances.Differing Expectations: Couples often have different expectations for their relationship. These differences can lead to misunderstandings and conflict. To address differing expectations: Clearly communicate your expectations: Be honest and open about what you want from the relationship. Listen to your partner’s perspective: Try to understand your partner’s point of view. Find common ground: Look for ways to compromise and find solutions that work for both of you. Parenting Disagreements: Parenting can be a source of stress and conflict for couples. To navigate parenting disagreements: Establish clear rules and boundaries: Create a parenting plan that both of you agree on. Communicate openly about your parenting styles: Discuss your differences and find ways to compromise. Seek professional help if needed: A therapist can help you resolve parenting conflicts and improve your communication. Relationships take work. By addressing these common issues and working together, you can build a strong and lasting partnership. – Shamshi Mubarak Senior Psychologist

While the search for the “best psychologist” is a personal journey, many women find themselves drawn to lady psychologists when seeking mental support. But what’s the psychology behind this preference? This article dives into the reasons why women might feel a stronger connection with female therapists, exploring the unique dynamics that can foster a safe and empowering therapeutic space. Shared Experiences, Unmatched Empathy Women navigate a world shaped by specific societal pressures and expectations. From body image to work-life balance, reproductive wellbeing to relationship dynamics, there’s a unique set of challenges many women face. A female therapist, by virtue of her own experiences, can offer a deeper understanding of these issues. Imagine discussing postpartum depression with a therapist who has gone through childbirth herself. The level of empathy and validation can be truly profound. This shared understanding can make women feel comfortable opening up about sensitive topics they might hesitate to discuss with a male therapist. Breaking Down Stigmas; It’s Okay to Not Be Okay For many women, mental wellbeing has been a shrouded topic, burdened by stigma and shame.  A female therapist can be instrumental in dismantling these barriers. Women often feel a sense of solidarity with another woman who has likely encountered similar societal pressures to “keep it together.” This shared experience can make it easier to seek help and prioritize mental well-being. A Safe Space for Vulnerability Therapy is a deeply personal journey. When discussing issues related to domestic violence, or body image, women might feel a greater sense of safety and comfort with a female therapist. This sense of security can be crucial for fostering open communication and honest self-exploration. It allows women to express their vulnerabilities freely, knowing they’re being heard without judgment. Beyond Gender It’s important to remember that gender is just one factor in choosing a therapist. A skilled and experienced therapist, regardless of gender, can create a supportive and effective therapeutic environment. The key is to find someone you feel comfortable with, someone you trust to guide you on your journey towards emotional well-being. The Future of Women’s Mental wellbeing The rise of female therapists is a positive trend, offering women a wider range of choices when seeking mental support. By understanding the unique dynamics between female therapists and their clients, we can create a more open and supportive environment for women to prioritize their emotional well-being. Taking that First Step If you’re considering therapy, don’t hesitate to reach out. Whether you choose a male or female therapist, the most important factor is finding someone you feel comfortable confiding in. Remember, prioritizing your mental wellbeing is a sign of strength, not weakness. – Shamshi Mubarak Senior Psychologist

  The world seems to lose its color when someone you love dearly passes away. The weight of grief can feel like a heavy cloak, suffocating and isolating. You might wonder if happiness and laughter even exist anymore. It’s important to remember that grief is a natural response to loss, a necessary journey of processing the emotional earthquake that has shaken your world.   While there’s no one-size-fits-all path through grief, here are some practical tips to help you navigate this challenging terrain and find pockets of hope amidst the sorrow:   Acknowledge and Validate Your Emotions: Don’t try to minimize or suppress your feelings. Sadness, anger, guilt, confusion – it’s all perfectly okay. Bottling things up will only prolong the healing process. Cry if you need to, scream into a pillow, or write down your emotions in a journal.  Allowing yourself to feel the full range of emotions is the first step towards healing.   Find Support in Your Tribe:  Human beings are social creatures, wired for connection.  Reach out to friends, family members, or a therapist who can offer understanding and support. Talking about your loved one and the hole their absence leaves in your life can be incredibly cathartic. Support groups can also be a valuable resource, connecting you with others who understand your pain.   Prioritize Self-Care: Grief takes a toll on both your physical and mental well-being. Taking care of yourself isn’t a luxury, it’s a necessity. Maintain a healthy diet, even if it means simple meals at first. Get enough sleep, even if your sleep patterns are disrupted. Regular exercise, even a brisk walk in nature, can be a powerful mood booster. Don’t neglect activities you used to enjoy, or consider trying something new that might bring a spark of joy back into your life.   Create Rituals of Remembrance:  It’s important to find ways to keep your loved one’s memory alive. Look through old photographs and reminisce about shared memories. Visit their favorite places, plant a memorial garden, or write a heartfelt letter expressing your love and gratitude.  These rituals can provide comfort and a sense of connection to the person you miss so dearly.   Don’t Fear Change, but Embrace Some Structure:  While change can feel overwhelming right now, maintaining some routine in your daily life can provide a sense of normalcy.  Keep set sleep and meal schedules, even if they need to be adjusted slightly. This can help ground you and bring a sense of control back into your life.   Find New Meaning: While grief doesn’t disappear overnight, it can coexist with joy and new experiences.  Don’t feel obligated to isolate yourself.  Stepping outside your comfort zone and trying new things can be a way to honor your loved one’s memory and find meaning in your life again.  Volunteer for a cause they cared about, take a class you’ve always wanted to try, or explore a new hobby.   Be Patient with Yourself:  Healing is a marathon, not a sprint. There will be good days filled with laughter, and there will be days where the grief washes over you again.  Don’t be discouraged by setbacks.  Allow yourself to experience the waves of emotion and know that with time, the intensity of the pain will lessen.   Remember, you are not alone in this journey.  By allowing yourself to feel your emotions, seeking support, and prioritizing self-care, you will begin to heal and find hope again.  There’s still beauty and joy waiting for you in the world, even though it may not feel like it right now.  Hold onto the memories of your loved one, but also allow yourself to open your heart to new possibilities for the future.

Divorce. It’s a heavy word, and the weight of it can feel even heavier when you have children. You’re likely wrestling with your own emotions, but amidst the storm, your kids need you more than ever. So, how do you navigate this new reality and ensure your children feel supported? Here’s the truth: there’s no perfect answer. Every family is different, and every child will react differently. But there are some key things to keep in mind as you move forward: Honesty is key (age-appropriately): Kids are perceptive. They’ll pick up on tension, even if you try to hide it. Talk to them openly and honestly about the divorce, using language they understand. Reassure them that it’s not their fault and that you both love them very much. Brace for Big Emotions: Divorce can be a rollercoaster of emotions for children. They might feel sad, angry, confused – it’s all perfectly normal. Be patient, listen actively, and create a safe space for them to express themselves. Maintain Routines (as much as possible): Change can be scary, so try to keep some aspects of your children’s lives consistent. Stick to familiar routines for bedtime, meals, and even weekend activities (when possible with co-parenting). The “Two Homes” Talk: Divorce often means living in two separate places. Discuss this with your children and help them feel comfortable in both homes. Pack a small bag of familiar items they can bring back and forth. The United Front: Disagreements are inevitable, but avoid putting your children in the middle. Present a united front on major parenting decisions, even if you have to communicate through another means (like email) at times. Self-Care Isn’t Selfish: You can’t pour from an empty cup. Take time for yourself, whether it’s exercise, talking to a friend, or simply taking a relaxing bath. A healthy you means a better parent for your children. Remember, this is a journey, not a destination. There will be bumps along the road, but with open communication, empathy, and a focus on your children’s well-being, you can help them navigate this change and emerge stronger. Consider seeking professional help for yourself or your children if you feel overwhelmed. Therapists can provide valuable tools for coping with emotions and adjusting to the new normal. Remember, you’re not alone. There are many resources available to support you and your children during this difficult time. – Shamshi Mubarak Senior Psychologist

Love is a beautiful thing. It sets our hearts racing, fills our lives with joy, and inspires dreams of a future together. But let’s face it, marriage isn’t always a walk in the park.  While love is essential, a strong foundation built on open communication, shared values, and an understanding of each other’s backgrounds is crucial for a happy and lasting union. This is where premarital counselling steps in, offering invaluable tools and guidance for couples of all backgrounds, religions, and castes. Unveiling Unseen Differences We often fall in love with someone who complements us, but that doesn’t erase the fact that we come from different families, cultures, and even kitchens! Premarital counselling provides a safe space to explore these differences.  Imagine your family dinner traditions revolving around vibrant curries, while your partner’s is built around roast dinners. Food may seem trivial, but it reflects cultural values and family dynamics. Premarital counselling allows you to discuss these seemingly minor details and uncover potential areas of adjustment. The Gift of Communication For a relationship to flourish, partners need to be able to weave their thoughts and dreams together through effective communication. Premarital counselling equips couples with the vital skills to express themselves clearly, listen actively, and navigate disagreements constructively. You’ll learn to identify your communication styles, decode each other’s non-verbal cues, and manage emotional responses during conflicts. This fosters respect, understanding, and creates a safe space to discuss anything and everything. Exploring Expectations and Dreams Marriage is a beautiful blend of love, partnership, and shared goals. Premarital counselling facilitates open discussions about your individual financial goals, career aspirations, and even your vision for parenthood.  Are you both debt-free and planning to invest aggressively, while your partner prioritizes travel and experiences? Discussing these expectations openly helps you create a financial plan and navigate potential conflicts before they arise. Similarly, exploring your views on family planning and child-rearing allows you to develop a shared vision for the future. From “Me” to “We” Love may bring you together, but a shared vision propels you forward.  Premarital counselling helps couples explore their individual goals and aspirations, then work together to create a vision for their future as a team. This empowers you to support each other’s dreams while building a life you can both cherish. Turning Disagreements into Stepping Stones Disagreements are inevitable in any relationship. However, premarital counselling equips couples with the skills to navigate them constructively. You’ll learn to identify your triggers, manage emotions effectively, and develop strategies to find solutions that work for both partners. This doesn’t mean eliminating disagreements; it’s about learning to communicate your needs respectfully, listen actively to your partner’s perspective, and work together to find solutions that strengthen your bond. Premarital Counselling – An Investment in Happiness Premarital counselling isn’t a magic bullet for a perfect marriage, but it’s a powerful investment in your future happiness. It’s about building a strong foundation based on open communication, shared values, and a deep understanding of each other’s backgrounds and expectations. It’s a proactive approach to ensure you enter marriage with your eyes wide open and hearts full of understanding. Think of it this way: before embarking on a long journey, you plan your route, pack essential supplies, and prepare for potential challenges. Premarital counselling equips you with the tools and knowledge you need to navigate the journey of marriage with confidence and a sense of shared purpose. Embrace premarital counselling and take the first step towards building a lifetime of love and laughter, together. – Shamshi Mubarak Senior Psychologist

Life can be demanding, throwing curveballs and juggling act moments our way. Amidst the daily grind, it’s easy to forget the most important person – “You”. But neglecting your wellbeing can have ripple effects, impacting not just your mood but also your relationships, performance, and overall sense of purpose. This is where self-care steps in, acting as a protective shield against stress and a springboard for mental resilience. It’s not about self-indulgence, but rather about intentional actions that nourish your mind, body, and spirit. So, how do you start? Here are some simple yet powerful self-care tips to cultivate a flourishing mind: 1. Connect with Nature’s Embrace: Immerse yourself in the calming presence of nature. Go for a walk in a park, breathe in the fresh air, or simply watch the clouds drift by. Studies show that spending time outdoors can significantly reduce stress and anxiety, leaving you feeling more grounded and energized. 2. Move Your Body, Unleash Your Joy: Physical activity is a potent mood booster. Find an activity you enjoy, whether it’s dancing to your favorite tunes, taking a brisk walk, or joining a fitness class. Exercise releases endorphins, natural mood-elevating chemicals, and helps you manage stress effectively. 3. Fuel Your Mind with Positivity: What you feed your mind matters. Surround yourself with uplifting content, inspiring stories, and positive affirmations. Limit exposure to negativity, and practice gratitude for the good things in your life. This shift in perspective can significantly improve your overall outlook. 4. Unplug and Recharge: In our technology-driven world, it’s easy to get glued to screens. However, constant stimulation can be draining. Set aside time to disconnect from devices. Practice mindfulness or meditation, engage in calming hobbies, or simply enjoy the silence. Giving your mind a break allows it to recharge and refocus. 5. Connect with Your Tribe: Humans are social creatures, and strong relationships are essential for wellbeing. Spend quality time with loved ones, engage in meaningful conversations, and offer support to others. Feeling connected to a community fosters belonging and reduces feelings of isolation. 6. Prioritize Sleep, Your Body’s Best Friend: Adequate sleep is crucial for mental and physical health. Establish a regular sleep schedule, create a relaxing bedtime routine, and ensure a comfortable sleep environment. Aim for 7-8 hours of quality sleep each night to wake up feeling refreshed and energized. 7. Nurture Your Creativity: Unleash your inner artist! Engage in activities that spark your creativity, like painting, writing, playing music, or even cooking. This allows you to express yourself freely, reduce stress, and gain a sense of accomplishment. 8. Embrace Playfulness: Remember that inner child? Reconnect with them! Play games, engage in activities you enjoyed as a kid, or simply allow yourself to laugh and have fun. Playfulness reduces stress, boosts mood, and adds a touch of joy to your life. 9. Practice Gratitude, Cultivate Joy: Take time each day to appreciate the good things in your life, big or small. Keep a gratitude journal, write down things you’re thankful for, or simply reflect on the positive aspects of your day. This practice cultivates a sense of joy and fosters a positive outlook. 10. Seek Help When Needed: Don’t be afraid to ask for help. If you’re struggling, reach out to a trusted friend, family member, therapist, or counsellor. Seeking professional support is a sign of strength, not weakness. They can provide tools and guidance to navigate challenges and improve your wellbeing. Remember, self-care is not a one-time fix but a continuous journey. Experiment, discover what works best for you, and make it an integral part of your life. By prioritizing your wellbeing, you’ll cultivate a resilient mind, a joyful spirit, and the strength to face life’s challenges with grace and confidence. – Shamshi Mubarak Senior Psychologist

As the exam season approaches, students often find themselves grappling with stress, anxiety, depression, and the overwhelming pressure to perform well. Here, we understand the challenges students face during this crucial period. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on how to prepare for exams effectively, manage stress, enhance concentration, and adopt strategies that foster success.   Create a Realistic Study Schedule   Before diving into the material, create a realistic study schedule that considers your daily routine, energy levels, and the topics you need to cover. Break down your study sessions into manageable chunks with breaks in between to prevent burnout. This structured approach helps in organizing your study time efficiently.   Prioritize and Plan   Identify the topics that require more attention and prioritize them in your study plan. Allocate more time to challenging subjects while ensuring that you cover all areas of the curriculum. Planning ahead minimizes last minute cramming and boosts overall comprehension.   Active Learning Techniques   Engage in active learning by summarizing information, teaching concepts to yourself, or creating flashcards. This not only reinforces your understanding but also makes the study process more interactive and enjoyable. Use visual aids, diagrams, and mind maps to simplify complex topics.   Mindfulness and Stress Management   Combat exam stress with mindfulness techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga. These practices can help calm your mind, improve focus, and reduce anxiety. Incorporate short breaks for relaxation during study sessions to maintain a healthy balance.   Healthy Lifestyle Choices   Prioritize a balanced diet, regular exercise, and sufficient sleep. A well nourished body and mind function optimally, enhancing your ability to concentrate and retain information. Adequate sleep is crucial for memory consolidation and overall cognitive function.   Utilize Resources   Take advantage of available resources such as textbooks, online materials, and practice exams. Join study groups or seek guidance from teachers and peers. Collaborative learning not only provides diverse perspectives but also eases the burden of exam preparation.   Stay Positive and Reward Yourself   Maintain a positive mindset throughout the preparation process. Acknowledge your achievements, no matter how small, and reward yourself periodically. Positive reinforcement encourages continued effort and boosts overall morale.   Digital Detox   Minimize distractions by implementing a digital detox during study hours. Turn off unnecessary notifications, limit social media use, and designate specific times for checking messages. A focused study environment promotes concentration and efficiency.   Simulate Exam Conditions   Familiarize yourself with exam conditions by practicing with timed mock exams. This not only helps in understanding the format but also builds resilience to stress. Evaluate your performance and use the feedback to fine-tune your preparation strategy.   Post-Exam Reflection   After each study session or practice exam, reflect on what worked well and what areas need improvement. Adjust your study plan accordingly to address weaknesses and build on strengths. Continuous self assessment is key to refining your approach.   Effective exam preparation goes beyond memorization; it involves a good approach that encompasses physical and mental well-being. At Mindmaris, we encourage students to adopt these strategies to navigate the exam season successfully. Remember, it’s not just about passing exams but developing lifelong skills that contribute to personal and academic growth.   Best of luck!

In the transformative realm of rarest Combination of Clinical Hypnotherapy and the globally recognized modality of Family Constellation, Mr. Claes has been my guiding light. His insights have allowed me to delve into the profound intricacies of healing. As a dedicated practitioner, my commitment to the well-being of my cherished clients remains unwavering. Being privileged to learn from Mr. Claes Berend, a direct student of the renowned Mr.Bert Hellinger, adds a unique dimension to my healing journey. The wisdom passed down through this lineage is a rare and invaluable gift. Gratitude fills my heart as I continue to explore and apply these rare healing interventions, fostering a deeper connection with the intricate tapestry of human experience.     – Shamshi Mubarak    

Kerala, often called “God’s own country,” is known for its stunning beauty, high literacy rate, and strong social safety net.  But hidden beneath the beauty lies a surprising truth: more Keralite marriages are ending than ever before. Why is this happening? This seems strange, right? Why are more marriages in Kerala ending in divorce than in other parts of the country? Let’s untangle the knot: Several things are changing in Kerala, and these changes are affecting marriages: Women are stepping up: Kerala’s traditional matrilineal system, where women inherit property and have more say in family decisions, is changing. Educated and financially independent, women are no longer willing to just follow tradition. They want marriages built on respect and shared dreams, which can clash with old expectations. Long-Distance Love: Many Kerala men work far away, sending money back home to their families. This can be tough on marriages. Couples miss each other, communication gets tough, and feelings grow distant. Family Matters: In Kerala, families are often very close-knit. This can be helpful, but it can also be too much sometimes. In-laws and other family members may get involved in couples’ problems, making it harder to solve them. Living Together before Marriage: More and more couples in Kerala are living together before getting married. This can be a good way to get to know each other, but it can also mask problems that might come up later in marriage. It’s important to remember that divorce statistics don’t tell the whole story. A higher divorce rate can also mean that people are more willing to leave unhappy marriages. This can be a good thing, because it means people are taking control of their own lives. What Can We Do? There are things we can do to help lower the divorce rate. For example: Premarital counseling: This can help couples talk about important issues before they get married. Mediation: This can help couples resolve conflict without going to court. Mental health resources: These can help couples deal with stress and other problems that can lead to divorce. Building Stronger Marriages: Ultimately, the goal is to help couples build strong, happy marriages. This means communication, respect, and a willingness to work together through tough times. Ultimately, Kerala’s rising divorce rate shouldn’t be seen as a tragedy. It’s a story of change, of individuals seeking happiness and fulfillment. And through it all, there’s also hope for stronger, more meaningful marriages in the future

Imagine depression as a cunning thief, stealing your joy, motivation, and energy. Now, it’s your turn to become a master sleuth, gathering clues and following their trail to reclaim your well-being. It’s a common mental health condition that can leave you feeling down, hopeless, and unmotivated. But the good news is, you’re not alone, and there are ways to feel better. What is Depression? Imagine a dark cloud hovering over you, casting a shadow on everything you do. That’s how depression can feel. It’s more than just feeling sad or blue for a few days. It’s a persistent feeling of emptiness, a lack of interest in things you used to enjoy, and difficulty coping with daily life. Symptoms of Depression: Persistent sadness or low mood Loss of interest or pleasure in activities you once enjoyed Changes in appetite or sleep patterns Feeling tired or sluggish all the time Difficulty concentrating or making decisions Feelings of worthlessness or guilt   Simple Techniques to Manage Depression: Start by observing your emotions. Where did the dark cloud first appear? What situations trigger the low mood? Are there specific thoughts or patterns that accompany it? Identifying these patterns is the first step to cracking the case. Look for the footprints of healthy habits. When did you last exercise? Nourish your body with good food? Connect with loved ones? Sometimes, simply neglecting these basic needs can create a breeding ground for depression. Retrace your steps and rebuild a routine that prioritizes your well-being. While professional help is crucial for severe cases, here are some simple techniques you can try to manage mild depression in your daily life: Connect with loved ones: Talk to friends, family, or join a support group. Social interaction can boost your mood and fight feelings of isolation. Move your body: Exercise releases endorphins, natural mood boosters, and can help manage stress. Start with gentle walks or stretches, and gradually increase intensity as you feel better. Nourish your body: Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provides your brain with the nutrients it needs to function optimally. Embrace the sunshine: Go for walks in nature or spend time outdoors. Sunlight exposure can regulate your sleep-wake cycle and improve mood. Practice mindfulness: Meditation and breathing exercises can help you focus on the present moment and reduce negative thoughts. Develop healthy sleep habits: Getting enough sleep is crucial for both physical and mental health. Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep each night. Challenge negative thoughts: Negative self-talk can worsen depression. Try to identify and replace negative thoughts with more realistic and positive ones. When you finally emerge from the chrysalis of depression, you won’t be the same person who entered. You’ll be stronger, more adaptable, and imbued with a deeper understanding of yourself. The wings you grew in the darkness will allow you to soar to new heights, carrying the lessons learned and the resilience gained. Remember, seeking professional help is a sign of strength, not weakness. If these techniques don’t seem to work or your symptoms are severe, please don’t hesitate to reach out to a psychologist. I hope this article helps you understand depression and take steps towards feeling better. Remember, you’re not alone, and there’s always hope for a brighter future. Warmly, Shamshi Mubarak, Psychologist Kochi, Kerala

My Perspective of on Embracing Healthy Expression   As a psychologist, I often encounter individuals grappling with the complexities of their sexual desires. It is a topic that evokes curiosity, yet remains veiled in societal taboos. People from all walks of life approach me, be it single individuals seeking companionship or married couples facing a dearth of intimacy in their relationships. Today, let us embark on a journey of understanding and acceptance, shedding light on healthy expressions of sexual desires and fostering a more compassionate outlook towards our innate human needs.   Acknowledging and Validating Sexual Desires   In a society where discussing sexual desires openly is met with judgment and shame, it becomes crucial to break free from these constraints. Just as we openly seek help for a headache from a friend or a doctor, acknowledging our sexual desires without self-condemnation is equally vital. Let us start by validating these feelings through positive self-talk, recognizing that sexual desire is a natural and healthy aspect of human life.   Sexual Desires: The Elemental Fire   To grasp the essence of sexual desires, let us draw parallels with the elemental force of fire. Much like fire, our sexual desires possess tremendous potential. Fire can either destroy or support life, as it cooks our food, keeps us warm, and offers comfort in darkness. Similarly, sexual desires can be a source of profound intimacy, emotional connection, and pleasure when harnessed in a healthy manner. However, just as we learn to handle fire carefully, it is essential to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy sexual desires.   Exploring the Underlying Layers   For some individuals, sexual desires might mask deeper, unmet emotional needs. Past experiences and upbringing may play a role in shaping one’s relationship with intimacy and love. For those who struggle with compulsive sexual desires, healing involves facing primal, unmet needs for non-sexual nurturing, friendship, and community. Additionally, addressing painful traumas that might have given rise to destructive sexual behaviors is crucial for fostering a healthier outlook on intimacy.   Finding Healthy Channels for Energy Release   Sexual desire is an energy that seeks expression, akin to the fire seeking an outlet. Engaging in physical pursuits such as yoga, dance, or workouts can provide constructive channels for releasing this energy. Not only do these activities promote physical well-being, but they also contribute to emotional balance and a sense of empowerment.   Receiving Healthy Love and Healing Unhealthy Patterns   The ability to receive healthy love depends on one’s openness and willingness to embrace emotional vulnerability. Past unhealthy love patterns may create barriers to forming satisfying relationships. For those who are single, it might be necessary to let go of these limiting beliefs and patterns before welcoming a compatible partner into their lives. For individuals in sexless relationships, seeking counseling can prove invaluable in rediscovering intimacy and communication, fostering a more fulfilling partnership.   As a psychologist, I emphasize the importance of acknowledging, accepting, and understanding our sexual desires without judgment. It is crucial to recognize that sexual desires are a natural part of being human, and embracing them with compassion can lead to a healthier and more fulfilling life. By likening sexual desires to the elemental fire, we learn to appreciate their potential for both destruction and creation. The journey of healing from compulsive desires involves addressing unmet emotional needs and traumatic experiences, while physical pursuits offer positive avenues for energy release.   Remember, our desires are not something to be ashamed of, but rather an integral part of who we are as human beings. By nurturing and embracing them with care, we can embark on a path of self-discovery, personal growth, and ultimately, healthier connections with ourselves and others.   Shamshi Mubarak.  Consultant Psychologist | Hypnotherapist.  

The bond between humans and animals, particularly with pet dogs like Huskies, holds remarkable psychological benefits. Huskies possess an intuitive sense of smell and emotions, allowing them to provide comfort and support. Let’s explore how owning a Husky can be therapeutic, acting as a stress reliever and offering emotional support for depression and anxiety. Emotional Support and Understanding:   Huskies’ emotional intelligence enables them to connect deeply with their human companions. They can sense emotions and respond with comforting gestures, providing solace during tough times and promoting a sense of companionship. Therapeutic Benefits for Mental Health   Interacting with a Husky can have therapeutic effects on mental health. Studies show that spending time with dogs can increase oxytocin (the “love hormone”) and decrease cortisol (the stress hormone), helping alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Physical Exercise and Stress Relief   Owning a Husky encourages regular physical activity, benefiting both the dog and the human owner. Engaging in play and exercise not only keeps the Husky happy but also reduces stress, improves mood, and enhances cognitive function. The presence of a Husky can work wonders for one’s mental well-being. From providing emotional support to promoting physical activity and stress relief, these loyal companions enrich the lives of their human partners in extraordinary ways. – Shamshi Mubarak (Consultant psychologist | Clinical Hypnotherapist)

“How Emotion-Focused Therapy, Guided by Psychologist Shamshi Mubarak, Transformed the Love Story of Kevin and Pearly”   In a world of emotional complexity, Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) serves as a guiding light, helping couples navigate the intricacies of their relationships. Enter the enchanting tale of Kevin and Pearly, a couple whose love had lost its luster amidst the trials of life. Under the skilled guidance of Psychologist Shamshi Mubarak, EFT became their brush and palette, allowing them to embark on a transformative journey. Together, they created a symphony of emotions that restored their bond and rekindled their love.   The Canvas of Emotions: Emotion-Focused Therapy, under the tutelage of Psychologist Shamshi Mubarak, provided Kevin and Pearly with the tools to explore the rich tapestry of their emotions. Like skilled painters, they discovered the beauty in vulnerability, expression, and connection.   Brushstroke 1: Acknowledging the Emotional Landscape: With Psychologist Shamshi Mubarak as their trusted guide, EFT invited Kevin and Pearly to acknowledge the intricate emotional landscape within their relationship. They bravely delved into their emotional depths, uncovering layers of thoughts and feelings that had gone unaddressed. This step created a safe space for their emotions to be seen and validated.   Brushstroke 2: Unveiling Layers of Emotional Expression: Just as an artist reveals layers of meaning through their brushstrokes, EFT encouraged Kevin and Pearly to express their emotions authentically. Under the watchful eye of Psychologist Shamshi Mubarak, they found the courage to articulate their deepest joys, fears, and desires. Through this process, they discovered new depths of understanding and connection.   Brushstroke 3: Engaging in Emotional Exploration: Similar to how an artist explores new subject matters, EFT invited Kevin and Pearly to embark on an emotional exploration. With the guidance of Psychologist Shamshi Mubarak, they ventured into uncharted territories within themselves and their relationship. They unveiled the hidden emotions that shaped their dynamics, allowing them to foster a greater sense of empathy and compassion.   Brushstroke 4: Repatterning the Emotional Landscape: Just as an artist reimagines a composition to achieve harmony, EFT helped Kevin and Pearly repattern their emotional landscape. Under the skilled hand of Psychologist Shamshi Mubarak, they identified and transformed negative patterns of interaction. They learned effective communication skills, paving the way for healthier and more loving ways of relating.   Brushstroke 5: Embracing Emotional Connection: The final brushstroke completes the masterpiece, as couples embrace emotional connection. In this stage, Kevin and Pearly cultivated emotional responsiveness, attuning to each other’s needs and desires. With the unwavering support of Psychologist Shamshi Mubarak, they practiced active listening, validation, and understanding, fostering a deeper sense of intimacy and security.   The Gallery of Love: Through the transformative power of EFT, guided by the expertise of Psychologist Shamshi Mubarak, Kevin and Pearly’s love story became a breathtaking masterpiece. Their relationship, once lacking color, now radiated with emotional depth, understanding, and resilience. Their newfound harmony became an inspiration for other couples seeking to create their own symphony of love.   Conclusion: Emotion-Focused Therapy, guided by skilled psychologists like Shamshi Mubarak, opens the door to emotional healing and relationship transformation. Just as artists express their innermost emotions through their art, couples can tap into the depths of their emotional experiences through EFT.    

    A Psychologist’s Guide to Overcoming Common Complaints from Shamshi Mubarak – Consultant Psychologist (Mindmaris – Cochin).    In Relationships it can be both challenging and rewarding.  As a psychologist, I’ve seen many couples struggle with various complaints, but I’ve also seen them overcome these issues and build stronger, more fulfilling relationships. In this guide, I’ll share some expert tips on how to overcome common complaints in relationships and build a happier future with your partner.   Communication Issues: Can You Hear Me Now? Communication is often cited as the most crucial factor in a successful relationship. But what does effective communication really entail? It involves active listening, expressing oneself with “I” statements, and clarifying intentions. For example, instead of saying “you never listen to me,” try saying “I feel unheard when you don’t respond to my thoughts.” The latter is less accusatory and opens up the opportunity for a constructive conversation.   Trust Issues: Building a Foundation Trust is the foundation of any successful relationship, and once it’s broken, it can be challenging to rebuild. Essential ingredients for building and maintaining trust include honesty, follow-through, and empathy. For example, if you’ve made a promise to your partner, make sure to follow through on it. If you’re unable to do so, communicate openly and honestly to avoid breaking their trust. Empathy is also crucial for building trust, as it shows your partner that you’re willing to see things from their perspective and that you value their feelings.   Intimacy Issues: Keeping the Fire Burning Intimacy is not just about sex, but about emotional and physical closeness. Lack of sexual desire, feeling emotionally disconnected, and difficulty communicating about intimacy are common intimacy issues. To keep the fire burning, make time for each other, talk about your needs, and try new things. Intimacy is about connection, not just physical contact, so it’s essential to cultivate emotional closeness by expressing your feelings and actively listening to your partner.   Commitment Issues: Sticking Together Commitment refers to the level of dedication and loyalty in a relationship. Fear of commitment, lack of shared goals, and feeling trapped in the relationship are common commitment issues. To address these issues, be clear about expectations, work through fears together, and practice forgiveness. Remember, commitment is a choice, and it takes effort from both partners to make it work.   In conclusion, relationships take work, but they’re worth it. By using effective communication, building trust, cultivating intimacy, and making a commitment to each other, you can overcome the most common relationship complaints and build a stronger, more fulfilling relationship. It’s not about being perfect, but about making progress and growing together as a couple. With a little effort and a lot of love, you can make your relationship a success story.     Shamshi Mubarak    

As a psychologist, I have had the opportunity to work with numerous patients who struggle with pain management. Pain is a complex and multifaceted experience that can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life. Whether the pain is acute or chronic, managing it can be challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Pain is a subjective experience that is influenced by many factors, including genetics, past experiences, emotions, and cognitive factors. Pain can be physical, emotional, or both, and it can range from mild to severe. Psychological interventions are effective in managing pain because they target the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of pain. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective psychological interventions for pain management. CBT is a type of therapy that focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors. CBT for pain management aims to help patients identify and challenge negative thoughts related to pain and replace them with more positive, helpful thoughts. Another psychological intervention that has been effective in managing pain is mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). MBSR is a type of meditation that teaches patients how to be present in the moment and observe their thoughts and feelings without judgment. MBSR has been shown to reduce pain intensity, improve mood, and increase quality of life in patients with chronic pain. In addition to psychological interventions, physical exercise and other lifestyle modifications can also help manage pain. Exercise can increase endorphins, which are natural painkillers produced by the body. Exercise also improves mood and can help patients feel more in control of their pain. Finally, social support is also an essential component of pain management. Connecting with others who understand the challenges of living with pain can be comforting and can help patients feel less isolated. Support groups and online forums can provide a sense of community and validation. In conclusion, pain management is a complex issue that requires a multidisciplinary approach. Psychological interventions, such as CBT and MBSR, can be effective in managing pain by targeting the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of pain. Physical exercise, lifestyle modifications, and social support are also important components of pain management. As psychologists, we must work with our patients to develop a comprehensive pain management plan that addresses all aspects of their pain experience. Shamshi Mubarak Consultant Psychologist- Mindmaris.

The concept of the inner child has gained popularity in recent years, especially in the field of psychology. The inner child refers to the emotional, sensitive, and vulnerable part of ourselves that we carry with us from childhood. This part of us is often buried deep inside, hidden by our adult selves, but it continues to influence our behavior and emotions. As a professional psychologist, I have witnessed the power of the inner child in shaping people’s lives. In this article, I will explore the inner child concept and how it affects us. What is the Inner Child? The inner child is the part of ourselves that has retained the feelings, experiences, and beliefs of our childhood. It is the part of us that remembers the joy of playing, the pain of rejection, the fear of being alone, and the wonder of discovery. Our inner child holds our hopes, dreams, and aspirations, as well as our wounds, fears, and insecurities. The inner child is a metaphorical construct that helps us understand how our early experiences shape our emotional responses, relationships, and behaviors. It is not a physical or biological entity but a psychological one that reflects the essence of our childhood selves. The inner child is not limited to a specific age or stage of development but encompasses all the experiences that have shaped our emotional landscape. Why is the Inner Child Important? The inner child is important because it influences our behavior and emotions in adulthood. Our early experiences, both positive and negative, shape our beliefs, values, and attitudes about ourselves and the world around us. These beliefs and attitudes continue to influence our thinking and behavior, often outside of our conscious awareness. For example, if we experienced rejection or abandonment as a child, we may develop a fear of intimacy and struggle to form healthy relationships in adulthood. If we were criticized or shamed for expressing our feelings, we may struggle to communicate our emotions and be prone to depression and anxiety. By understanding our inner child, we can gain insight into our emotional patterns and learn how to heal old wounds and develop healthier behaviors. We can also learn to nurture our inner child and provide it with the love, support, and validation it needs to feel secure and valued. How to Connect with Your Inner Child? Connecting with your inner child involves several steps, including: Acknowledge your inner child: Recognize that you have an inner child and that it influences your thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Identify your triggers: Pay attention to situations or events that trigger intense emotional reactions or behaviors. These may be related to your inner child’s unmet needs or unresolved issues. Reflect on your childhood: Reflect on your childhood experiences, both positive and negative. Identify the beliefs, values, and attitudes that you developed as a result of those experiences. Engage in self-compassion: Practice self-compassion and self-care. Treat yourself with kindness, understanding, and support, as you would with a child. Express yourself creatively: Engage in creative activities that allow you to express your emotions and connect with your inner child, such as art, writing, or music. Seek professional help: Seek professional help from a therapist or counselor if you are struggling with unresolved childhood issues or emotional patterns. The inner child is a powerful concept that can help us understand and heal our emotional wounds. By acknowledging our inner child, we can gain insight into our emotional patterns and develop healthier behaviors. By connecting with our inner child, we can learn to nurture ourselves and provide the love, support, and validation that we need to feel secure and valued. As a professional psychologist, I encourage everyone to explore their inner child and discover the power of self-healing and growth. Shamshi Mubarak  Consultant Psychologist- Mindmaris Cochin

Pregnancy can be an exciting and joyous time for many women, but it can also be a challenging time for a woman’s mental health. Some common mental health difficulties experienced by pregnant women include depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia. These difficulties can have an impact on both the expectant mother and her growing baby. To address these difficulties, expectant mothers should seek support from their doctor, family, and friends. They may also benefit from therapy, counseling, or support groups. Medication may also be used to treat depression and anxiety, but it should be used under the guidance of a doctor who is knowledgeable about the risks and benefits of these medications during pregnancy. In addition, there are a number of lifestyle changes and coping strategies that can help support a woman’s mental health during pregnancy. These include: Staying physically active: Regular physical activity can help boost mood and reduce stress. Eating a healthy diet: A balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and nutrients can help support a woman’s mental and physical health. Getting enough sleep: Aim to get 7-9 hours of sleep each night to help reduce stress and improve mood. Practicing relaxation techniques: Techniques such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing can help reduce stress and improve mental well-being. Connecting with others: Spending time with family, friends, or a support group can help reduce feelings of isolation and provide emotional support. Seeking help when needed: If a woman is experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress, it is important to seek help from a doctor or mental health professional. In conclusion, pregnancy can be a time of great change and adjustment, and it is normal for expectant mothers to experience mental health difficulties. However, with the right support and self-care, these difficulties can be managed and overcome. If you or someone you know is experiencing mental health difficulties during pregnancy, reach out for help. In Mindmaris Counsellors india pvt ltd, an experienced team have joined and created a great therapeutic module especially for pregnant women in order to prevent many mental health issues and postpartum difficulties. A wide group of psychiatrists, psychologists and gynaecologists has been recognised the preventive pregnancy module as no1 in south India. Contact and explore the module if you are in pregnancy period. Shamshi Mubarak Psychologist- Mindmaris

Toxic relationships can be detrimental to our mental health and well-being, yet many of us find ourselves caught in them. These relationships are characterized by behaviors such as manipulation, control, jealousy, and emotional or physical abuse. While the reasons we stay in toxic relationships are complex and multifaceted, there are several psychological factors that can contribute to our reluctance to leave. Fear of Being Alone One of the most common reasons people stay in toxic relationships is fear of being alone. This fear can stem from a belief that we are unlovable or unworthy of love, which can lead us to believe that any relationship, even a toxic one, is better than being alone. We may also fear the unknown, the uncertainty of what our life would be like without our partner. However, it is important to recognize that being alone is not the same as being lonely, and that being in a toxic relationship can often leave us feeling more isolated and disconnected than being single. Trauma Bonding Trauma bonding is a psychological phenomenon in which a person becomes emotionally attached to someone who is abusive or harmful to them. This can occur when a toxic partner alternates between love and affection and abuse or neglect, creating a cycle of intense emotions and confusion. Over time, this can lead to a sense of dependency on the abusive partner, and make it difficult to leave the relationship. It is important to recognize that trauma bonding is not a sign of weakness or character flaw, but rather a result of the psychological impact of abuse. Low Self-Esteem Low self-esteem can make it difficult to leave a toxic relationship because we may believe that we do not deserve better treatment. We may feel as though we are not good enough, smart enough, or attractive enough to find someone else, and so we stay in the relationship out of a sense of resignation. However, it is important to recognize that our self-worth is not determined by our partner’s treatment of us, and that we deserve to be treated with respect and kindness. Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive dissonance is a psychological phenomenon in which we hold two conflicting beliefs or ideas at the same time. In the context of toxic relationships, we may recognize that our partner’s behavior is harmful or abusive, but also believe that they love us and that the relationship has the potential to improve. This conflict can lead us to rationalize our partner’s behavior or to downplay the severity of the abuse, making it difficult to leave the relationship. Attachment Style Our attachment style, which is formed in childhood, can also play a role in our tendency to stay in toxic relationships. People with an anxious attachment style may be more likely to stay in a toxic relationship because they fear abandonment and feel a strong need for emotional connection. On the other hand, people with an avoidant attachment style may be more likely to avoid relationships altogether, or to end them abruptly when they feel uncomfortable or vulnerable. In conclusion, toxic relationships can be difficult to leave due to a variety of psychological factors. However, recognizing these factors and seeking support from a psychologist can help us to break free from harmful patterns and build healthier, more fulfilling relationships. Remember, you deserve to be treated with kindness and respect, and you are worthy of love and happiness. Shamshi Mubarak Psychologist- Mindmaris            

    Unknown Fear and it’s Remedies   In my clinical experience I usually meets clients with unknown fear.  Cases are different from person to person but commonly I can explain the reasons, symptoms and its remedies. It is always better to seek help from a psychologist/psychiatrist rather than keeping it for a long term.   Unknown fears can be a difficult and confusing experience for many people. This type of fear is often characterized by a sense of unease or dread that is not tied to a specific trigger or event. The fear can be pervasive and can impact daily life, causing feelings of anxiety, stress, and discomfort.   The cause of unknown fears is often complex and may involve a combination of psychological, emotional, and physical factors. Some common causes include:   Past Trauma: Traumatic events from the past can leave a lasting impact on an individual’s mental health, causing feelings of fear and anxiety even long after the event has passed. Anxiety Disorders: Anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or panic disorder, can cause a persistent sense of fear and worry that is not tied to any specific trigger or event. Uncertainty about the Future: Many people experience unknown fears when they are faced with uncertainty about the future, such as changes in personal or professional life. Chemical Imbalances: Imbalances in brain chemistry, such as low levels of serotonin or dopamine, can also contribute to feelings of fear and anxiety.   Fortunately, there are a variety of psychological remedies that can help to reduce or eliminate unknown fears. Some common remedies include:   Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of therapy can help individuals to identify the underlying causes of their fears and develop strategies to manage and overcome them. Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques: Mindfulness and relaxation techniques, such as meditation and yoga, can help individuals to calm their minds and reduce feelings of fear and anxiety. Medication: Antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, and other psychotropic medications can be effective in reducing symptoms of unknown fears. Lifestyle Changes: Making changes to diet, exercise, and sleep patterns can help to reduce feelings of fear and anxiety and promote overall mental and physical well-being.   It’s important to remember that everyone’s experience with unknown fears is unique, and that the best course of treatment will vary from person to person. If you are struggling with unknown fears, it is important to seek help from a mental health professional who can help you to determine the underlying causes and develop a personalized treatment plan. Mindmaris Counsellors India pvt Ltd which is under my supervision have developed specialised therapeutic plans for Unknown fear and Anxiety.   Shamshi Mubarak  

As a student, it can be challenging to balance the demands of school with the pressures of everyday life. For those who struggle with learning difficulties, the added stress of exams can be a source of significant anxiety and fear. Let’s explore the connection between learning difficulties, exam fear, and anxiety in students, and provide tips and strategies for how to help. Learning Difficulties Learning difficulties refer to any condition that affects a student’s ability to learn and retain information. This can include conditions such as dyslexia, ADHD, and dyscalculia, and can impact a student’s performance in school. While it’s common for students with learning difficulties to experience feelings of frustration and low self-esteem, it’s important to remember that with the right support and resources, these students can still achieve academic success. Exam Fear Exam fear is a common experience for students, especially those who struggle with learning difficulties. The pressure to perform well on exams, combined with the fear of failure, can lead to feelings of anxiety, stress, and panic. This can interfere with a student’s ability to focus and retain information, exacerbating their difficulties with learning. To help students manage exam fear, it’s important to provide a supportive and nurturing environment that encourages learning and growth, and to teach them effective stress management techniques. Anxiety in Students Anxiety is a common issue among students, and can be exacerbated by learning difficulties and exam fear. Symptoms of anxiety in students can include feelings of worry, nervousness, and panic, as well as physical symptoms such as sweating, shaking, and nausea. To help students manage anxiety, it’s important to provide a supportive and nurturing environment that encourages open communication and encourages students to seek help when they need it. Conclusion Learning difficulties, exam fear, and anxiety in students are interconnected issues that can have a significant impact on a student’s academic performance and overall well-being. By providing students with the right support and resources, and teaching them effective coping strategies, we can help students overcome these challenges and achieve success in school and in life.” If you found it’s difficult for you to handle by yourself seek help from a psychologist immediately. If your child or you is struggling with anxiety, exam fear, or other psychological difficulties, there are a few steps you can take to get immediate treatment: 1. Schedule an appointment with a psychologist: Look for a experienced psychologist in your area who specializes in treating anxiety and related issues. You can contact me (Shamshi Mubarak* or Mindmaris Counsellors india pvt ltd we have a big team of experienced and licensed psychologists, psychiatrists and psychotherapists or you can search online, ask your primary care doctor for a referral, or look for resources through local mental health organizations. 2. Explain your symptoms: When you meet with the psychologist, be honest and open about your symptoms and how they are affecting your daily life. This will help the psychologist determine the best course of treatment. 3. Discuss treatment options: The psychologist will likely ask you about your personal history, medical history, and lifestyle, and will then discuss different treatment options with you. This may include therapy, medication, or a combination of the two. 4. Start treatment: Once you and the psychologist have agreed on a treatment plan, you can start working on managing your symptoms and improving your well-being. Regular sessions with the psychologist and/or medication will help you regain control over your anxiety and/or exam fear. It’s important to remember that seeking treatment for psychological difficulties is a sign of strength, and taking this step can lead to significant improvement in your quality of life. Shamshi Mubarak Psychologist  

Is OCD a common problem?  OCD, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, is a relatively common mental health disorder. It is more common in developed countries, and is typically diagnosed in adolescence or early adulthood. Symptoms of OCD include persistent and uncontrollable thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive, distressing, and unwanted, as well as repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in response to these thoughts or impulses.The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, but are not realistically connected to the obsession. Symptoms of OCD The symptoms of OCD can vary from person to person, but generally fall into two categories: obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are persistent, unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses that cause anxiety or distress. Examples of common obsessions include fears of contamination, harm, or losing control; excessive doubt; and forbidden or taboo thoughts. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts. These behaviors or mental acts are intended to reduce anxiety or prevent something bad from happening, but they are not realistically connected to the obsession or are excessive. Examples of common compulsions include excessive cleaning or hand-washing; counting, arranging, or ordering items in a certain way; repeating certain words, phrases, or prayers; and checking things multiple times. Symptoms of OCD can have a significant impact on a person’s daily life, interfering with their ability to work, attend school, or engage in social activities. Treatment for OCD The most effective treatment for OCD is a type of therapy called cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) which typically includes a specific technique called exposure and response prevention (ERP). ERP involves gradually exposing the person to the feared object or situation, and then preventing them from carrying out the compulsive behavior. This helps the person to learn that the anxiety will decrease on its own and the compulsive behavior is not necessary. Medication also can be helpful, Antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed medications for OCD, as they can help to reduce the symptoms of obsessions and compulsions. Treatment is considered successful if it reduces symptoms, improve quality of life, and allow the person to function in daily life. It may take time to find the right treatment or a combination of treatments that work best, but with proper help and support, many people with OCD are able to manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives.

How to Combat Smartphone Dependency  Smartphones have become a part of our everyday lives, but with the convenience and entertainment they provide, comes the risk of dependency. Smartphone usage is becoming increasingly common among teenagers, who are especially vulnerable to its effects due to their developing brains. It can lead to issues such as stress, anxiety, and even mood swings. Let’s take a look at how we can combat this growing problem.  Causes of Smartphone Dependency  A number of factors contribute to it. The most obvious is the constant access that smartphones provide us with; we are literally never more than an arm’s length away from our devices. This makes it easier for us to overuse them because they are always available and accessible. Another cause is the psychological impact of smartphones; they give us a sense of control, satisfaction and validation when we get notifications or likes on social media posts.  Understanding the Consequences  Smartphone dependency can have serious consequences on an individual’s physical and mental health. It has been linked to increased levels of stress and anxiety due to constantly being exposed to information about current events or other people’s lives that can be overwhelming or depressing if you spend too much time on your phone. Additionally, it can lead to difficulty in sleeping due to the blue light emitted by phones which tricks your brain into thinking its daytime even when its night-time. Finally, it can also lead to reduced productivity as we become increasingly distracted by our phones while trying to focus on tasks at hand.   Remedies for Smartphone Dependency  The first step towards combating it is understanding what it is and its effects on your health and wellbeing. Once you understand this, you will be in a better position to make changes in your lifestyle that will help reduce your dependence on your device. For instance, setting time limits on using your phone throughout the day or limiting the use of certain apps during working hours can help break old habits and create new ones that are more beneficial for you in the long run. Additionally, engaging in activities such as exercising regularly or reading books instead of spending all your free time browsing through social media can help reduce smartphone dependency significantly over time.   Smartphones have become an integral part of our lives because they bring so much convenience and entertainment into our lives but there is also an inherent danger in relying too heavily on them which can lead to serious issues such as smartphone dependency if not managed properly. By understanding what causes it and taking proactive steps like setting time limits or engaging in healthier activities instead, parents and students alike can make sure that smartphones don’t become a source of stress or anxiety but rather a tool used responsibly for staying connected with friends and family while still maintaining balance in their life overall!

In the year 2023, stress management techniques have become more advanced than ever before. With an emphasis on mental health and well-being, people are now looking for more effective ways to manage their stress levels and improve their overall quality of life. Let’s take a look at how stress management has evolved in the last decade and how it can help you achieve better mental health. The Rise of Digital Stress Relief Solutions Digital stress relief solutions have become increasingly popular in recent years as they offer a convenient way to manage stressful situations without leaving the comfort of home. From apps that offer guided meditation sessions to virtual reality (VR) experiences that simulate calming environments, these digital solutions are tailored to each user’s unique needs and preferences. They also come with features like customizable soundtracks and AI-powered voice guidance that make them even more effective at reducing stress levels Mindfulness Practices Are Becoming Mainstream Mindfulness practices such as yoga, tai chi, and meditation have become commonplace in the last decade as people realize the importance of staying present and being mindful of their thoughts and feelings. These ancient practices have been proven effective at reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, and even physical pain. They are also easy to learn and can be practiced anytime, anywhere. Moreover, with many online classes available today, learning mindfulness is now easier than ever before. More Natural Ways to Manage Stress Levels In addition to digital tools and mindfulness practices, there are other natural ways to reduce your stress levels in 2023. For example, aromatherapy has become increasingly popular due to its ability to reduce anxiety by calming the senses through smell. Essential oils such as lavender or chamomile oil are often used in aromatherapy sessions because they possess calming properties that can induce relaxation. Similarly, nature walks or spending time outdoors can be beneficial for managing stress levels as they provide an opportunity for reconnecting with nature while taking a break from daily life obligations. It is clear that over the past decade there has been an increased focus on mental health awareness which has led to a greater awareness of innovative ways to manage our stress levels effectively in 2023. With the rise of digital solutions such as apps or VR experiences along with traditional methods such as mindfulness practices or essential oil therapy – we have more tools than ever before when it comes to managing our stress levels effectively for better overall mental health outcomes!

How to Tame Depression Being depressed is much more than being sad all the time or thinking that your life is worthless. Depression may have gotten easier to state to medical professionals, but it is still harder to deal with for the patient and difficult to treat for the doctor. Because depressed individuals feel worthless, hopeless and feel that their lives are out of control most of the time. We’ll see what it means to have depression and how we can manage it in the following sections. Are depressive people more realistic?According to numerous studies done, people who are depressed tend to have a more realistic and nuanced assessment of their abilities and skills and of how well they have performed on a task. People who are not depressed often see the world through optimistic eyes and think they have more abilities than they actually possess. Depressed people are more critical of their work and self-appraises more accurately. AimlessPeople who suffer from depression tend not to have any specific goals in life. They see everything in life through the same lens and treat everything with apathy or in an abstract nature.When you interact with people who are depressed, you will notice in the way they describe their future goals. It will never be anything specific. It will always be something generic like – I want to be happy, I want peace in my life, etc. They never say and they never have any concrete plans to achieve their goals.Helpful Tip – Remember – specific goals are more likely to be achieved than generalized goals. Example : I’ll greet my parents every morning Vs I want to improve my relationship with my parents. Effect on memoryNot many people know this but depression can actually have an adverse effect on your memory. This is especially so in the case of remembering specific facts like names and places.It has been said that this could be because depressed people tend to lose the ability to differentiate between similar experiences. Depression also affects your spacial awareness and your ability to give meaning to various life events.What this means is that depressed people will find it difficult to remember the happy moments and events from their lives. One way to overcome this is by creating a memory bank wherein you purposely store all your good and happy memories and access it every time life seems too bleak and sad for you. Thoughts on a rollOne of the most important symptoms seen in depressed minds is that of a single or at times multiple sad and fearful thoughts circulating on a loop. This is known as thought rumination. This is when certain depressing thoughts keep going over and over in your mind.The solution to this isn’t to tell the person to stop doing it. This method is as effective as telling a person to stop thinking about oranges. He won’t be able to do it. Never mind the fact that he wasn’t even thinking about an orange in the first place!Instead, we should get the person to engage in – Mindfulness. It is nothing but learning to live in the present. When you focus on the now, this moment that you are alive, then you will be able to stop thinking about your past regrets and future worries. Catch ‘em youngSince we have started accepting that mindfulness is useful in treating depressive episodes, here’s a revolutionary thought – why not teach it to children! Everyone knows that children often have a hard time focussing on any one thing at a time and are often skipping along from one activity to the other.If we were to teach mindfulness to children, then it will teach them to focus on one activity at a time from a young age and this will certainly aid in reducing chances of future episodes of depression. 1… 2… 3… Exercise!Endorphins and oxytocin are hormones in our body that help in making us feel good about ourselves. These hormone levels increase and get released into our body when we exercise. Any form of exercise not only makes you feel good in the short run but they are also great at stopping future episodes of depression. Change the way you thinkPeople often mistakenly think that depression is caused by some major traumatic event. While such events can contribute to it, this isn’t always the case.Most often, depression is nothing but our reaction to every day events and people that causes high level of stress in us.So even if we have no control over the events and people affecting us, we can at least control our thinking and our way of reacting to these developments.Helpful Tip – It is entirely possible to help a person change the way they think, and teach them positive coping strategies that can mitigate and reduce their stress levels. * If you or any one you know may be suffering from depression, then don’t hesitate to contact a mental health professional today.

Newspapers, Television and other modern media all bombard us with negative stories –human cruelty .recession, terrorism, war. The list is endless. Our brain can take over these pessimistic world and the natural tendency of our brain to zone in on bad news, this pessimism can be overwhelming. Actually the media is infused by a pervasive attraction to pessimism.   Human brain highlights danger laden information, relegating the potentially pleasurable to second place. Even the faintest hint of threat is picked up instantly, putting a halt to all other processes in order to concentrate on the danger. Such a proclivity to notice the negative rather than the positive makes it more difficult to be optimistic. Once the fear brain is activated, logic tends to get shut down for a while, and in many modern situations this can be a real problem. It makes more difficult to experience pleasure and develop an optimistic outlook, but they can also lead to more pervasive anxieties and worries that can take the lustre off life. Fear unleashed in an instant can lead to lingering anxieties which can nudge us towards a pessimistic outlook. The constant reminder of dangers and bad things that have happened makes it difficult to see the world as a rosy place. This system also makes it hard to become more optimistic. Whether it’s the fear of stepping out of our comfort zone. Apprehensiveness about taking a risk, or the apprehension that maybe we aren’t good enough, its our fears and anxieties that frequently hold us back, turning us towards the darker, more negative side of life.   It is note that the optimist sees every single thing as rosy, just as the pessimist does not see everything as bleak. Instead, it is the emphasis of one over the other that, overtime, makes a difference. Confirmation bias is a great example of how low-level biases can shape our beliefs. For example, if you are convinced that women are worse drivers than men, then you will confirm this beliefs by noticing lots of examples of bad driving by women. What you miss are the examples of poor male driving or good female driving. Things that don’t fit with your core belief don’t get noticed. Our belief system determines what we notice about the world around us, but the same time our beliefs are determined to a large extent by what we notice in the first place.   We have to learn to regulate our pessimistic outlook effectively by simply re-evaluating how we interpret things. if overwhelmed by distressing thoughts, we can attempt to modulate them by using strategies to tell ourselves that maybe they aren’t that bad after all. Postive direction leads to a gradual change in social reinforcement and mood over time. In other words, once a bias is shifted in a more positive directions, the pessimistic person responds more positively in social interactions, which eventually lead to an upward spiral of positively.   Psychological therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy, mindfulness based rational emotive behaviour therapy all work by changing negative biases. while the psychological therapies affect our ability to regulate and control our pessimism, we can change the deep rooted distortions, neither our genetic makeup nor our experiences should set the course of our life in stone .while our nature and our nurture certainly make it more likely that we will react in one way or another. There would a human potential which, by shifting our mindscape –the patterns of biases and distortions unique to us- we are able to shift the way we see the world.

Consider two youngsters waiting for their driving test. Mr Sam sat worrying about whether he had passed, doubting his driving skills, and imagining being told that he couldn’t get the license. Meanwhile, Mr Arun’s father joked around with him after he took his driving test, which kept Mr Arun from focusing on possibly failing. Thanks to Arun’s father distracting antics, Arun didn’t think about potential negative outcomes. As it turned out, both passed the test, but only Mr Sam had endured a stressful, anxious waiting period. This story gives us a meaningful insight that when people change their thoughts, they need able to prevent their mental process from contributing to their anxiety. Some cognition is illogical or unhealthy and can create or exacerbate unhealthy patterns of behaviour or mental states. We have to focus on identifying and changing thoughts that are self-defeating or dysfunctional, particularly thoughts that lead to increased level of anxiety and depression. In our brain cortex path way produces worries obsessions, and interpretations that create anxiety and depression and the amygdala in our initiates bodily reactions that make up the fight, fight or freeze response. How you can change the way these parts of the brain responds? In order to so, you need to make changes in the brains circuitry. The brain is made up of billions of connected cells. That form circuits that hold your memories, produce your feelings, and initiate all your actions. These cells are called neurones and they are the basic building blocks of the brain. They are the reason that your brain has neuron plasticity; the ability to change itself and its response. On the basis of your experiences, the neurones in your brain are capable of changing their patterns of responding. Cognitive restructuring is one of the ways to change its structure. Cognitive Restructuring Cognitive restructuring is one of the ways to changes negative circuitry in our brain structure. Cognitive restructuring to compact anxiety intervenes directly in the cortex path way. When we discuss self-defeating or dysfunctional thoughts, we are focused on processes that occur in the cortex, primarily in the left hemisphere. Of course whenever we tried to change our thoughts, we are trying to modifying the cortex in some way. Our thoughts are not simply a result of neurological and chemical process in the brain; they are the neurological and chemical processes in the brain. In cognitive restructuring, the thoughts you think are used to rewire your brain Coping Thoughts Anxiety- igniting thought Coping thought It’s no use trying. Things will never work out for me. I am going to try, because then there’s at least a chance that I’ll accomplish something. Something’s going to go wrong. I can feel it. I don’t know what’s going to happen. These kinds of feeling have been wrong before. I need to focus on this thought, doubts, or concern. Cortex, you have spent too much time on this and need to move on. I must be competent and excel at everything I do. No one is perfect. I am human and expect I’ll mistakes at times. Everyone should like me. No one is liked by everyone, so I’ll encounter people who don’t like me. I can’t stand this. This isn’t the end of the world. I’ll survive. I can’t help worrying about this. Worrying never fixes anything. It only upsets me. I don’t want to disappoint other people. Trying to please everyone is impossible and stresses me out. Let it go. I can’t handle this situation. I am a competent person, and even though I don’t like this situation, I can get through it.   Of course, you‘ll have to be vigilant about recognizing anxiety igniting thoughts and substituting coping thoughts, but it’s worth the effort. Some people post their coping thoughts to remind themselves. By deliberately thinking coping thoughts at every possible opportunity, you can rewire your cortex to produce coping thoughts on its own. Remember, you are changing your neural circuitry.   Thought stopping When people work on changing thoughts, they often complain that they cannot get rid of negative thoughts.  How to tackle this issue?  you might be successful in interrupting a thought by specifically telling yourself “stop!” this technique is called thought stopping. However, the next step is crucial. If you replace the thought with another thought, it’s more likely that you will keep the first thought out of your mind. Let’s say you are working in your garden and keep worrying that at any moment you will encounter a snake. Tell yourself “stop!” and then begin thinking about something else: a song on the radio, the names of the flowers you intend to plant in your garden, ideas you have for a loved one’s birthday present- basically anything captivating and, ideally, pleasant. By replacing the anxiety –provoking thought with something else that engages you mind, you make it more likely that you won’t return to that thought. Therefore, “Don’t erase- replace!” is the best approach with anxiety igniting thoughts. If you notice that you are thinking something like, I can’t handle this, focus on replacing that thought with a coping thought, such as this is not easy, but I will get through it. By repeating this coping thought to yourself, you will strengthen a more adaptive way of thinking and active circuitry that will protect you from anxiety. It takes some practice, but your new thoughts will eventually become habitual.

ചിന്തയെയും വൈകാരികതയെയും പ്രവൃത്തിയെയും ഒരുപോലെ തകരാറിലാക്കുന്ന ഗുരുതരമായൊരു മാനസികരോഗമാണ് സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയ ഭ്രാന്ത് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ചിത്തഭ്രമം എന്ന പേരിൽ സാധാരണ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന രോഗം. ഇരുപതിനും മുപ്പതിനും ഇടയ്ക്ക് വയസ്സുള്ള യുവതീയുവാക്കളാണ് ഭാവിയെ ഗുരുതരമായി തകരാറിലാക്കുന്ന ഈ രോഗത്തിന് ഇരയാകു ന്നത്. സ്വന്തം കഴിവുകൾ പ്രകടിപ്പിക്കാനുള്ള ശേഷിയില്ലായ്മയും മറ്റുള്ളവരോട് ഇടപഴകാ നുള്ള ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടുകളും ആണ് ഈ രോഗത്തിന്റെ മൊത്തത്തിലുള്ള ഫലം. രോഗമാരംഭിച്ചാൽ സാധാരണരീതിയിൽ ചിന്തിക്കുന്നതിനും മനസ്സിലാക്കുന്നതിനും ഉള്ള കഴിവ് രോഗിക്കു നഷ്ട പ്പെടുന്നു. അതേസമയം താൻ രോ ഗിയാണന്ന കാര്യം രോഗി അറിയുന്നുമില്ല. മനസ്സിൽ രൂപംകൊള്ളുന്ന തെറ്റായ ചിന്തകൾക്കനുസരിച്ച് പ്രവർത്തിച്ചുതുടങ്ങുമ്പോൾ അയാളുടെ പെരുമാറ്റം അസാധാരണരീതിയിലാകുന്നു. സ്ത്രീകളെയും പുരുഷന്മാരെയും പാവപ്പെട്ടവനെ യും പണക്കാരനെയും ഈ രോഗം ഒരുപോലെ ബാധിക്കുന്നു.   രോഗത്തിനുള്ള കാരണങ്ങൾ   ജീവശാസ്ത്രപരമായ ഘടകങ്ങൾ: മസ്തിഷ്കത്തിലെ ജീവ-രാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയുടെ അസന്തുലിതാവസ്ഥയാണ് രോഗത്തിന് അടിസ്ഥാനകാരണമെന്ന് ഗവേഷണപഠനങ്ങൾ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. നാഡീകോശങ്ങൾ തമ്മിൽ സന്ദേശങ്ങൾ വിനിമയം ചെയ്യുന്നതിനുള്ള ഒരു പ്രത്യേക രാസപദാർഥത്തിന്റെ (ഡോപാമി ൻ) അളവ് സാധാരണയിൽ കൂടുതലായി സ്കി സോഫ്രീനിയയിൽ കണ്ടുപിടിക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഇതുകൂടാതെ പാരമ്പര്യത്തിനുള്ള പങ്കും ഈ അസുഖത്തിൽ കൂടുതലാണ്. സാധാരണജനങ്ങൾക്ക് രോഗസാധ്യത ഒരു ശതമാനം ഉള്ളപ്പോൾ രോഗം ഉണ്ടായിരുന്ന ഒരാളുടെ കുട്ടികൾക്ക് രോഗസാധ്യത ഏകദേശം പത്തു ശതമാനം ആണ്. ഡോപമിനു പുറമേ മറ്റുപല രാസവസ്തുക്കളുടെയും അസന്തുലിതാവസ്ഥ രോഗകാരണ മാവാം. കൂടാതെ മസ്തിഷ്കത്തിലെ ഘടനാപരമായ തകരാറുകളും സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയയ്ക്കു കാരണമായി കണ്ടുപിടിക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഇങ്ങനെ വിവിധ കാരണങ്ങൾ കൂട്ടായി പ്രവർത്തിക്കു ന്നതുകൊണ്ടാണ് ഒരാൾക്ക് രോഗം ബാധിക്കുന്നത്. ശാരീരികമായ പ്രതികൂലാവസ്ഥയാണ് രോഗത്തിനു കളമൊരുക്കുന്നതെങ്കിലും രോഗി യുടെ ജീവിതത്തിലെ പ്രതികൂല അനുഭവങ്ങൾ സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയയുടെ പല കാരണങ്ങളിൽ പരമപ്രധാനമായതാണ്. കുടുംബസാഹചര്യങ്ങളും ബാല്യത്തിലും കൗമാരത്തിലും യൗവനാ രംഭത്തിലുമുണ്ടാകുന്ന അനുഭവങ്ങളും ജൈവപരമായി മസ്തിഷ്കത്തിലുള്ള അസംതുലിതാവ സ്ഥയും ഒരാളെ സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയയിലേക്കു നയിക്കുന്നു. പ്രിയപ്പെട്ട ആളുടെ മരണം, മനസ്സു നോവിച്ച ഏതെങ്കിലും പരാജയം, നിരാകരണം, നിരാശ, മയക്കുമരുന്നുകളുടെ ഉപയോഗം, തീവ്രമായ ബാഹ്യസംഘർഷം, കുടുംബപരവും സാമൂഹിക പരവുമായ സമ്മർദങ്ങൾ തുടങ്ങിയ വ അസുഖം ആരംഭിക്കുന്നതിന് പ്രധാന കാരണങ്ങളാണ്.   രോഗലക്ഷണങ്ങൾ   സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയ തുടങ്ങുന്നത് പെട്ടെന്നല്ല. ക്രമേണയാണ്. അസുഖലക്ഷണങ്ങൾ ക്ക് ഒരായിരം മുഖങ്ങളുണ്ട്. അതിൽ പ്രധാനമായവ ഇവിടെ വിവരിക്കാം;   1.ഒന്നിലും താത്പര്യമില്ലായ്മയും മറ്റുള്ളവരിൽ നിന്ന് ഒഴിഞ്ഞുമാറലും ജോലി, പഠിത്തം, കുടുംബകാര്യങ്ങൾ, വൃത്തി, ആഹാരം എന്നിവയിൽ അലസതയും താത്പര്യക്കുറവും കണ്ടാൽ ഏതോ ഗാഢചിന്തയിലാണെന്നു  തോന്നും, ഉറക്കം ശരിയാകാ തെ വരുന്നു. കൂട്ടുകാരിൽ നിന്നും സാമൂഹിക രംഗങ്ങളിൽനിന്നും ഒഴിഞ്ഞുമാറി രോഗി അന്തർ മുഖനായി മാറുന്നു.   1. മിഥ്യാധാരണ (Delusion) തെറ്റായതും സംഭവിക്കാൻ സാധ്യതയില്ലാത്തതുമായ ചിന്തകളിൽ ഉറച്ചുവിശ്വസിക്കുക സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയയുടെ ഒരു ലക്ഷണമാണ്. ഭക്ഷണത്തിൽ വിഷം കലർത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. ആരോ ഗൂഢാലോചനയ്ക്ക് ശ്രമിക്കുന്നു. ഭാര്യയ്ക്ക് അവിഹിതബന്ധമുണ്ട്. മറ്റുള്ളവർ തന്നെക്കുറിച്ച് സംസാരിക്കുന്നു, ബാഹ്യശക്തികൾ രോഗിയുടെ ചിന്തകളെയും പ്രവൃത്തികളെയും നിയന്ത്രി ക്കുന്നു മുതലായവയാണ് സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്ന മിഥ്യാധാരണകൾ.   3. മിഥ്യാദർശനവും മിഥ്യാനുഭവങ്ങളും (Hallucination) രോഗിക്കു തന്നോട് ആളുകൾ സംസാരിക്കുന്നതായോ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ തന്റെ പേർ ഉച്ചരിക്കു ന്നതായോ തോന്നുന്നു. അയാളോടോ അയാളെപ്പറ്റിയോ ആരും യഥാർഥത്തിൽ സംസാരി ക്കുന്നുണ്ടാവില്ല. ചില രോഗികൾ തനിയേ ഇരുന്ന് പരസ്പരബന്ധമില്ലാത്ത കാര്യങ്ങൾ സം സാരിക്കും, ചിരിക്കും, അംഗവിക്ഷേപങ്ങൾ കാണിക്കും. ചിലപ്പോൾ പേടിപ്പെടുത്തുന്ന രംഗങ്ങ ൾ രോഗി കണ്ടെന്നുവരാം. മിഥ്യാനുഭവങ്ങൾ രോഗിയെ ഭയപ്പെടുത്തിയേക്കും. മറ്റുള്ളവരെ ആ ക്രമിക്കാനോ ആത്മഹത്യയ്ക്കോ രോഗി ശ്രമിച്ചേക്കും.   4. ശരീരശുചിത്വത്തിൽ ശ്രദ്ധയില്ലായ്മ രോഗം ആരംഭിച്ചുകഴിഞ്ഞാൽ ക്രമേണ രോഗി കുളിക്കാനും ശരീരം വൃത്തിയാക്കാനും വിസമ്മതിക്കും. ഉടുപ്പിലും നടപ്പിലും ചുറ്റുപാടുകളിലും ഒന്നും താത്പര്യമില്ലാതാവും.   5. വൈകാരികമാറ്റങ്ങൾ ഉത്കണ്ഠ, ഭയം, കോപം, സംശയം, ദേഷ്യം ഇവ പൊടുന്നനേ രോഗി പ്രകടിപ്പിച്ചേക്കും. ചിലപ്പോൾ നിർവികാരമായി ഏറെ നേരമിരിക്കും. എല്ലാ കാര്യങ്ങളിൽനിന്നും പിൻവലിയു ന്നതുകൊണ്ട് ചുറ്റും നടക്കുന്നത് എന്താണെന്നുപോലും രോഗി അറിയുകയില്ല.   രോഗലക്ഷണങ്ങളുടെ പ്രത്യേകതയനുസരിച്ച് സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയയെ പലതായി തിരി ച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഈ തരംതിരിവിൽ ഒന്നും പെടാത്ത സമ്മിശ്ര സ്വഭാവമുള്ള കേസുകളും കാണാം. നാലു പ്രധാനതാരങ്ങളാണ് സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്.   പാരനോയ്ഡ് സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയ (Paranoid Schizophrenia) ഈ വിഭാഗമാണ് സ്കീസോഫ്രീനിയ രോഗികളിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതലായി കണ്ടുവരു ന്നത്. തുടക്കം യൗവനാരംഭത്തിലാണെങ്കിലും നാല്പതുകളിലും അമ്പതുകളിലും ഇത് കണ്ടെത്തി യേക്കാം. ഈ വിഭാഗത്തിൽപ്പെട്ടവർ ഇതര വിഭാഗങ്ങളെക്കാൾ ബുദ്ധി കൂടുതലുള്ളവരായി രിക്കും. രോഗത്തിന്റെ തുടക്കംതൊട്ടേ അവർ സംശയാലുക്കളായിരിക്കും.   കാര്യങ്ങളും സംഭവങ്ങളും അവർക്കെതിരായ വിധത്തിൽ അവർ ദുർവ്യാഖ്യാനം ചെയ്യും. മതിഭ്രമങ്ങൾ ഇത്തരക്കാർക്ക് കൂടുതലാണ്. താൻ പീഡിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു. തനിക്ക് ടെലി പ്പതിവഴി രൂപാന്തരം വരുന്നു. താൻ സ്വാധീനിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു. ഹിപ്പ്നോട്ടസ് ചെയ്യപ്പെടുന്നു. തന്നെ വിഷം തീറ്റുന്നു എന്നൊക്കെയായിരിക്കാം ആ മതിഭ്രമങ്ങൾ (Delusions).   ഹെബീഫനിക്കുകൾ (Hebephrenia)   പാരനോയ്ഡ് തരക്കാരിൽ കാണുന്ന പല ലക്ഷണങ്ങളും ഹെബീഫനിക്കുകളിലും കാണാം. ഇവരുടെ ചിന്ത വേണ്ടത്ര സുസംഘടിതമോ ക്രമബദ്ധമോ ആയിരിക്കുകയില്ല. ഇവർ പലപ്പോഴും നിർവികാരയും താത്പര്യഹീ നരും ആയിരിക്കും. അനുചിതമായ അവസര ങ്ങളിൽ പുഞ്ചിരി ഇത്തരക്കാരിൽ കാണാറുണ്ട്. പൊതുവേ, ചെറിയ പ്രായത്തിലാണ് രോഗം തുടങ്ങുന്നത്.   കാറ്റട്ടോണിക് മാതൃക (Catatonic Schizophrenia)   കാറ്റട്ടോണിക് മാതൃകയിലുള്ള രോഗികളുടെ എണ്ണം മുൻ പറഞ്ഞവ യെക്കാൾ വളരെ കുറവാണ്. രോഗിയെ കണ്ടാൽ ഒരു പ്രതിമപോലെ തോന്നിക്കും. മണിക്കൂറുകളോ ദിവസ ങ്ങളോ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ഉണ്ണാനോ ഉറങ്ങാനോ മറ്റു ശാരീരിക വശ്യങ്ങൾ നിർവഹിക്കാനോ മറ്റു ള്ളവർ നിർബന്ധിക്കുന്നതുവരെയോ രോഗി ഒരു പ്രതിമയെപ്പോലെ നിശ്ചലനായി ഇരിക്കാ റുണ്ട്.   സിമ്പിൾ സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയ (Simple Schizophrenia)   അപൂർവമായി കാണപ്പെടുന്ന ഒരു വിഭാഗമാണ് ഇത്. മറ്റു തരങ്ങളെപ്പോലെ പെട്ടെ ന്നോ, നാടകീയമായ രീതിയിലോ ഈ സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയ ഉണ്ടാകുന്നില്ല. ആഗ്രഹങ്ങളൊ ന്നുമില്ലാത്തവനും ഒരു മെല്ലെപ്പോക്കുകാരനുമാണയാൾ എന്നാണ് തോന്നുക. ജീവിതം അയാ ൾക്ക് വിരസമായിരിക്കും. അതിൽ താത്പര്യമോ അതിൽനിന്ന് പ്രചോദനമോ കിട്ടില്ല. മറ്റു തരക്കാരെപ്പോലെ പ്രകടമായി ക്രമക്കേടുകളൊന്നും ഇത്തരക്കാർ പ്രകടിപ്പിക്കുകയില്ലെങ്കിലും അ വരുടെ മാനസികാവസ്ഥ അസാധാരണമാവും.   സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയയുടെ ഗതി (Course)   സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയയുടെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ ഒരു സ്വഭാവം അതിന്റെ ഗതിയിലുള്ള വ്യത്യ സ്തതകളുടെ വൈപുല്യമാണ്. സ്കാർഫിന്റെ(സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയ റിസർച്ച് ഫൗണ്ടേഷൻ) കണക്കനുസരിച്ച് സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയ രോഗിയിൽ 30-40 ശതമാനംവരെ രോഗവിമുക്തി നേടുമ്പോൾ 30-40 ശതമാനം പേർ തുടർച്ചയായി പരിചരണത്തിന്റെയും മരുന്നുകളുടെയും സഹായത്താൽ ഒരുവിധം മുന്നോട്ടു പോകാൻ കഴിവുള്ളവരാണ്. അതേസമയം 20-30 ശത മാനം പേർ ദീർഘകാലം ചികിത്സിച്ചാലും പൂർണരോഗവിമുക്തിനേടാൻ സാധ്യമല്ലാത്തവരാ യിത്തീരുന്നു.   പ്രധാന ചികിത്സാരീതികൾ   രോഗത്തിന്റെ ആരംഭദശയിൽത്തന്നെ ചികിത്സ ആരംഭിച്ചാൽ രോഗം സുഖപ്പെടുന്ന തിനുള്ള സാധ്യത കൂടുതലാണ്. ചികിത്സ താമസിക്കുന്തോറും രോഗം മൂർച്ഛിക്കുകയും മരുന്ന് ഫലിക്കാതെ വരികയും ചെയ്യും. സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയയ്ക്ക് ഔഷധചികിത്സ, മനഃശാസ്ത്ര ചികിത്സ, അസുഖത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് കുടുംബത്തെ ബോധവത്കരിക്കൽ, പുനരധിവാസം എന്നിവ വളരെ പ്രധാനമാണ്. ഇത്തരത്തിൽ പൂർണമായ ഒരു ചികിത്സയ്ക്ക് സൈക്യാട്രിസ്റ്റ്, സൈ ക്കോളജിസ്റ്റ്, ഒക്യുപ്പേഷണൽ തെറാപ്പിസ്റ്റ്, സൈക്യാട്രിക് നേഴ്സ്, സൈക്യാട്രിക് സോഷ്യ ൽ വർക്കർ എന്നിവരുടെ പരസ്പരധാരണയോടുകൂടിയ കൂട്ടായ ചികിത്സയാണ് അഭികാമ്യം.   ഔഷധചികിത്സ   മസ്തിഷ്കത്തിന്റെ ജൈവ-രാസ സന്തുലിതാവസ്ഥവീണ്ടെടുക്കുന്നതിന് ഔഷധചികി ത്സ പരമപ്രധാനമാണ്. ആന്റി സൈക്കോട്ടിക് ഔഷധങ്ങൾ അസുഖത്തിന്റെ തീവലക്ഷണ ങ്ങളെ നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്നതിനും മാനസിക വൈകല്യങ്ങളെ അകറ്റുന്നതിനും ഗണ്യമായ പങ്കുവഹിക്കുന്നു. മരുന്ന് കഴിക്കാൻ വിസമ്മതം പ്രകടിപ്പിക്കുന്ന രോഗികൾക്ക് മരുന്ന് ഭക്ഷണ ത്തിൽ ചേർത്തോ, രണ്ടാഴ്ചയിൽ ഒരിക്കൽ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ മാസത്തിൽ ഒരിക്കൽ ഇഞ്ചക്ഷൻ രൂപത്തിലോ നൽകാവുന്നതാണ്. ചില രോഗികളിൽ ഈ ഔഷധങ്ങൾ ചില പാർശ്വഫല ങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ടാക്കാറുണ്ട്. മറ്റുചില മരുന്നുകളുടെ ഉപയോഗംകൊണ്ട് ഈ പാർശ്വഫലങ്ങൾ മാറ്റിയെടുക്കാം. നൂതനഗവേഷണങ്ങളുടെ ഫലമായി സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയയ്ക്ക് പാർശ്വഫലങ്ങ ൾ തീരെകുറഞ്ഞതും സാധാരണ ആന്റി സൈക്കോട്ടിക്കുകളെക്കാൾ കൂടുതൽ ഫലവത്താ യതും ആയ മരുന്നുകൾ ഇന്ന് മാർക്കറ്റിൽ ലഭ്യമായിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഇത്തരം മരുന്നുകൾ സ്കിസോ ഫ്രീനിയയുടെ ചികിത്സയിൽ വിപ്ലവാത്മകമായ മാറ്റം വരുത്തുമെന്ന് പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു. ഷോക്ക് ചികിത്സയും (ഇലക്ട്രോ കൺവൾസീവ് തെറാപ്പി-ECT) ഫലപ്രദമായി ഉപയോഗിച്ചുവരുന്നു.   മനഃശാസ്ത്രചികിത്സ   ചികിത്സകനുമായി പതിവായി നടത്തുന്ന വ്യക്തിപരമായ സംഭാഷണങ്ങൾ രോഗി യുടെ മാനസിക ക്ലേശങ്ങൾക്കും മ്ലാനതക്കും ഗണ്യമായ പരിഹാരം നല്കുന്നു. രോഗിക്ക് നല്കുന്ന ഉപദേശങ്ങളിൽക്കൂടി അയാൾക്ക് തന്റെ അസുഖത്തെപ്പറ്റി മനസ്സിലാക്കാൻ കഴിയുന്നു; പൂർ ണമായും അപ്രത്യക്ഷമാകാത്ത ലക്ഷണങ്ങളോട് ഒത്തുചേർന്നു പോകാനും കഴിയുന്നു. ഇതോ ടൊപ്പം ഒരു കൂട്ടായ്മയിലൂടെയുള്ള മനഃശാസ്ത്രചികിത്സ (ഗ്രൂപ്പ് തെറാപ്പി) പ്രായോഗികവും അഭി ലഷണീയവുമായ ഒരു അനുബന്ധരീതിയാണ്. രോഗിക്ക് സമൂഹത്തിൽ മറ്റുള്ളവരുമായി ആരോഗ്യകരമായി എങ്ങനെ ബന്ധപ്പെടാം എന്നത് ഇത്തരം തെറാപ്പികൾ കാണിച്ചുകൊടു ക്കുന്നു.   പുനരധിവാസ ചികിത്സ   രോഗിക്ക്, സാധാരണജോലികൾ തുടങ്ങുന്നതിനും സമൂഹത്തിന് പ്രയോജനം ചെയ്യു ന്ന ഒരാളായി മാറുന്നതിനും പുനരധിവാസചികിത്സ അതിപ്രധാനമാണ്. ഒക്യുപേഷണൽ തെറാപ്പിസ്റ്റ്, സൈക്യാട്രിസ്റ്റ്, സോഷ്യൽവർക്കർ എന്നിവർക്ക് ഇക്കാര്യത്തിൽ രോഗിയെയും കുടുംബത്തെയും വളരെയധികം സഹായിക്കാനാകും. രോഗിയെ അയാളുടെ കഴിവിനൊത്ത് ലളിതമായ ഒരു വരുമാനം ഉണ്ടാക്കുവാനും വീണ്ടും ജീവിതം ആരംഭിക്കാനും സജ്ജമാക്കുക യാണ് ഇതിന്റെ ലക്ഷ്യം.   കുടുംബചികിത്സ (Family Therapy)   രോഗിയുടെ കുടുംബത്തിനോ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയ രോഗികളുടെ കുടുംബ ത്തിന് കൂട്ടായോ അസുഖത്തെപ്പറ്റിയും അസുഖലക്ഷണങ്ങളെപ്പറ്റിയും ലഭ്യമായ ചികിത്സാരീ തികളെക്കുറിച്ചും രോഗിയോട് കുടുംബങ്ങൾ പുലർത്തേണ്ട മനോഭാവങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ചും പെരുമാറ്റ രീതികളെക്കുറിച്ചും വിശദമായി ചർച്ചചെയ്യുന്നു. രോഗത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് കുടുംബംഗങ്ങൾക്കുള്ള ധാരണ സ്കിസോഫ്രീനിയയുടെ ഗതിയെ ഗണ്യമായി ബാധിക്കും. മന്ദബുദ്ധിയാണ്. മടിയ നാണ്, അഭിനയമാണ് എന്ന മനോഭാവങ്ങളോടെ രോഗിയോട് പെരുമാറുന്നത്. മാറ്റിയെ ടുക്കുന്നതിന് ഇത്തരം വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം (Psycio Education) അത്യന്താപേക്ഷിതമാണ്. കുടുംബാംഗ ങ്ങൾ രോഗിയുടെ ചികിത്സാനിർദേശങ്ങൾ അ തേപടി പാലിക്കുക, രോഗിയോട് പ്രത്യേക താത്പര്യം പ്രകടിപ്പിക്കുക, ചെറിയ ചുമതലകൾ ഏല്പിക്കുക. രോഗിക്ക് പ്രോത്സാഹനവും പിന്തു ണയും നൽകുക, അയാളെ അയാൾതന്നെയായി അംഗീകരിക്കുക, ഇതൊക്കെ അഭികാമ്യ മായ കാര്യങ്ങളാണ്. അമിതവിമർശനം, നിരുത്സാഹപ്പെടുത്തൽ, അമിതമായ സാമൂഹ്യ സമ്മർദം എന്നിവ രോഗം മൂർച്ഛിക്കാനുള്ള പ്രധാന കാരണങ്ങളാണ്. രോഗിയെ പുനരധി വസിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ശ്രമത്തിൽ കുടുംബ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം പ്രധാന പങ്കുവഹിക്കുന്നു. മറ്റൊരു പ്രധാനകാര്യം രോഗനിലയിൽ ഗണ്യമായ പുരോഗതി ഉണ്ടായാൽത്തന്നെയും നിർദേശിക്ക പ്പെട്ടിട്ടുള്ള ഔഷധചികിത്സയിൽ ഒരു കോട്ടവും തട്ടരുത് എന്നതാണ്. രോഗിയുടെ കുടുംബാം ഗകുടുംബങ്ങൾക്ക് ഇതിൽ ഒരു പ്രധാന പങ്കുവഹിക്കാനാകും.

സാധാരണക്കാർക്കിടയിലെന്നല്ല, വിദ്യാസമ്പന്നർക്കിടയിലും മാനസിക രോഗകാരണങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള അജ്ഞതയും അന്ധവിശ്വാസവും നിലനില്ക്കുന്നു. തന്മൂലം ചികി ത്സ വൈകുന്നു. രോഗിക്കു ഫലപ്രദമായ ചികിത്സ ലഭിക്കാതിരിക്കുന്നു; പലപ്പോഴും ക്രൂരവും അശാസ്ത്രീയവുമായ ചികിത്സകൾക്ക് രോഗി വശംവദനാകേണ്ടിവരുന്നു. മാനസികരോഗങ്ങളുടെ കാരണങ്ങളെപ്പറ്റി ശാസ്ത്രീയമായി മനസ്സിലാക്കണം: മാനസിക രോഗകാരണങ്ങളെ പ്രധാനമായും മൂന്നായി തിരിക്കാം. 1. ജീവശാസ്ത്രപരം (Biological)2. മനഃശാസ്ത്രപരം (Psychological)3. സാമൂഹികം (Social) ജീവശാസ്ത്രപരമായ കാരണങ്ങൾ   നമ്മുടെ ചിന്തയെയും വികാരത്തെയും പെരുമാറ്റത്തെയും സ്വഭാവ ത്തെയും. അതുവഴി നമ്മുടെ ജീവിതത്തെയും രൂപപ്പെടുത്തുന്നതും നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്നതും നമ്മുടെ തലച്ചോറാ (Brain) ണല്ലോ. മസ്തിഷ്‌കം (Brain), സുഷുമ്‌നാ നാഡി (Spinal Chord) ഇവയെ ശരീരത്തിന്റെ വിവിധ ഭാഗങ്ങളുമായി ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്ന നാഡികൾ (Nerves), കണ്ണ്, മൂക്ക്, ത്വക്ക് മുതലായ ജ്ഞാനേ ന്ദ്രിയങ്ങൾ (Special Senses) എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നതാണ് മനുഷ്യനാഡീവ്യവസ്ഥ (nervous system). തലയോടിനുള്ളിൽ സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്ന മസ്തിഷ്‌കത്തിന്റെ തുടർച്ചയായി സുഷുമ്‌നാനാഡി നട്ടെല്ലിലൂടെ താഴേക്കിറങ്ങുന്നു. ബാഹ്യലോകത്തിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ഉദ്ദീപനങ്ങളെ (Simuli) അതായത് ശബ്ദം, വെളിച്ചം മുതലായവ, ശരീരത്തിൽ വിനിമയം ചെയ്യാവുന്ന വൈദ്യുതപ്രവാഹങ്ങളാക്കി മാറ്റുന്നതു ജ്ഞാനേന്ദ്രിയങ്ങളാണ്. ഈ ഇന്ദ്രിയങ്ങൾ നാഡികൾ വഴി തലച്ചോറുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെടുന്നു. നാഡികൾ വഴി വരുന്ന സന്ദേശങ്ങളെ (വൈദ്യുത പ്രവാഹങ്ങളെ) ബിംബങ്ങളാക്കി മാറ്റി തിരിച്ചറി യുന്നതും പ്രതികരണങ്ങൾ രൂപപ്പെടുന്നതും തലച്ചോറിലാണ്. തുടർച്ചയായി ജീവിതത്തിലുണ്ടാകുന്ന അനുഭവങ്ങളെ ഓർമകളാക്കി സൂക്ഷിക്കുന്നതും തലച്ചോറിലാണ്. അതിൽ രൂപപ്പെട്ട പ്രതികരണങ്ങൾക്കനുസരിച്ച് തലച്ചോറിൽ നിന്ന് നാഡികളിലൂടെ ശരീരത്തിന്റെ വിവിധ ഭാഗങ്ങളിലേക്കു പോകുന്ന സന്ദേശങ്ങൾ അതത് ഭാഗങ്ങളുടെ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങളെ നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്നു. നാഡീവ്യവസ്ഥയുടെ സങ്കീർണമായ ഈ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾക്ക് സഹായിക്കുന്നത് നാഡീകോശങ്ങളും ഈ കോശങ്ങളെ പരസ്പരം ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്ന സിനാപ്‌സ് (Synapse) എന്ന ഭാഗങ്ങളുമാണ്. ന്യൂറോ ട്രാൻസ്മിറ്റേഴ്‌സ് എന്നു വിളിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന ചില രാസ വസ്തുക്കളാണ് ഇവിടെ രണ്ടു കോശങ്ങൾക്കിടയിലൂടെ സന്ദേശങ്ങൾ കടത്തിവിടാൻ സഹാ യിക്കുന്നത്. തലച്ചോറിന്റെയും സുഷുമ്‌നാനാഡിയുടെയും വിവിധ ഭാഗങ്ങളിലായി വിവിധതരം ന്യൂറോ ട്രാൻസ്മിറ്ററുകൾ ഉണ്ട്. Dopamine,Serotonin Norepinephrine, Acetyl Choline എന്നിവ ഇവയിൽ ചിലതാണ്. ഇങ്ങനെയുള്ള ന്യൂറോ ട്രാൻസ്മിറ്ററുകളുടെ അളവിലുള്ള ഏറ്റക്കുറച്ചി ലുകൾ പല മാനസികരോഗങ്ങൾക്കും കാരണമാകുന്നു. ഈ ഏറ്റക്കുറച്ചിലുകൾ പല കാരണ ങ്ങൾകൊണ്ടുമുണ്ടാകാം. 1. ജനിതക കാരണങ്ങൾ(Genetic Causes) പാരമ്പര്യരോഗങ്ങളും ജനിതകരോഗങ്ങളും ഇങ്ങനെ ഉണ്ടാകാം. പ്രമേഹ രോഗം ജന്മനാ വരുന്നതുപോലെ മനോരോഗങ്ങളിൽ സ്‌കിസോഫ്രീനിയ (Schizophrenia), വിഷാദരോഗം (Depression), വ്യക്തിത്വവൈകല്യങ്ങൾ (Personality Disorders) മുതലായവ മാതാപിതാക്കളി ൽനിന്ന് കുട്ടികളിലേക്ക് ഒരു പരിധിവരെ പകരുന്നതായി കാണാം. രക്തബന്ധമുള്ള വ്യക്തി യെ വിവാഹം കഴിച്ചാൽ ജനിക്കുന്ന കുട്ടികളിൽ ജനിതക മാനസിക രോഗങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ടാവാനു ള്ള സാധ്യത കൂടുതലാണെന്ന് പഠനങ്ങൾ തെളിയിക്കുന്നു. അതുപോലെ ഇരട്ടക്കുട്ടികളിൽ (Monozygotic Twins) ഒരാൾക്ക് മനോരോഗം ഉണ്ടായാൽ മറ്റേ വ്യക്തിക്കും അതേരോഗം വരാൻ സാധ്യത കൂടുതലാണ്. 2. ഗർഭത്തിലിരിക്കുമ്പോഴുണ്ടാകുന്ന തകരാറുകൾ ഗർഭാവസ്ഥയിലെ അണുബാധ, വിഷവസ്തുക്കൾ, റേഡിയേഷൻ മുതലായവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം തുടങ്ങിയവ ജനിക്കുന്ന കുഞ്ഞിന് ശാരീരിക വൈകല്യങ്ങൾ സൃഷ്ടിക്കു ന്നതുപോലെ ചില മാനസിക അസുഖങ്ങളും ബുദ്ധിമാന്ദ്യവും ഉണ്ടാവാൻ കാരണമാകുന്നു. ജനനസമയത്തുണ്ടാകുന്ന ക്ഷതങ്ങൾ (Birth Injury), ബുദ്ധിമാന്ദ്യത്തിനും അപസ്മാരത്തിനും അതുവഴി മനോരോഗങ്ങൾക്കും ഹേതുവാകുന്നു. 3. തലച്ചോറിലുണ്ടാകുന്ന തകരാറുകൾ (Organic Brain Syndrome) അത്യാഹിതങ്ങളിൽ തലയ്ക്ക് പറ്റുന്ന ക്ഷതങ്ങൾ, ചില അണുബാധകൾ (ഉദാ: സിഫിലിസ്, രക്തപ്രവാഹത്തിനുള്ള തടസ്സം മയക്കുമരുന്നുകൊണ്ടും വിഷവസ്തുക്കൾകൊണ്ടും ഉണ്ടാകുന്ന തകരാറുകൾ (Toxicity), തലച്ചോറിലെ മുഴകൾ (Tumour), വിറ്റാമിന്റെ കുറവും മസ്തിഷ്‌കത്തിലെ രക്തസ്രാവം എന്നിവയും മാനസി കരോഗങ്ങൾക്കു കാരണമാകാം. 4. ഹോർമോണുകളുടെ അസന്തുലിതാവസ്ഥ ശരീരത്തിലെ ഹോർമോണുകളുടെ ഏറ്റക്കുറച്ചിലുകൾ മനോരോഗത്തിനു ഹേതുവാകാ റുണ്ട്. ഉദാ: തൈറോയ്ഡ് ഗ്രന്ഥി ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കുന്ന തൈറോ ഹോർമോണിന്റെ വർധനവും (Hyperthyroidism) കുറവും (മനോരോഗലക്ഷണങ്ങൾ പ്രകടമാക്കാറുണ്ട്. സ്ത്രീകളുടെ ആർത്തവം നിലയ്ക്കുന്ന സമയത്തും (Post Menopausal Period) പ്രസവം കഴിഞ്ഞ ഉടനെയും (Post Partum) ശരീരത്തിൽ ഹോർമോൺ കുറയുന്ന ഘട്ടങ്ങളാണ്. ഈ ഘട്ടങ്ങ ളിൽ മനോരോഗലക്ഷണങ്ങൾ പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടാറുണ്ട്. പ്രത്യേകിച്ച്, ഉന്മാദരോഗവും വിഷാദ രോഗവും. 5. തലച്ചോറിലെ രാസവസ്തുക്കൾ വിഷാദം, ഉന്മാദം മുതലായ മാനസിക അസുഖങ്ങളുള്ളപ്പോൾ തലച്ചോറിലെ അന്ത സ്രാവങ്ങളിൽ (Neuro Transmitters) ഏറ്റക്കുറച്ചിലുകൾ ഉള്ളതായി ഗവേഷണങ്ങൾ തെളിയി ച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഈ രാസവസ്തുക്കൾ കൂട്ടാനും കുറയ്ക്കാനും മരുന്നുകൾ നല്കുമ്പോൾ രോഗാവസ്ഥയിൽ മാറ്റം കാണും. ജീവശാസ്ത്രപരമായ കാരണങ്ങൾകൊണ്ടും മാനസികരോഗം വരാം എന്നുള്ള തിന് ഇതും ഒരു തെളിവാണ്. മനഃശാസ്ത്രപരമായ കാരണങ്ങൾ (Psychological Causes) ഒരാളുടെ വ്യക്തിത്വം പൂർണമായി രൂപപ്പെടുന്നത് ജനനംമുതൽ ബാല്യം, കൗമാരം എന്നീ ഘട്ടങ്ങളിലൂടെ കടന്ന് യുവത്വത്തിലെത്തുന്നതോടെയാണ്. ഇതിലേറ്റവും പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ട സമ യം ബാല്യവും കൗമാരവുമാണ്. ഈ കാലഘട്ടങ്ങളിൽ നേരിടേണ്ടിവരുന്ന പ്രതികൂല സാഹച ര്യങ്ങൾ ആ വ്യക്തിയുടെ മാനസികാരോഗ്യത്തെ സാരമായി ബാധിക്കും. ഉദാ: , ആത്മാഭിമാനത്തിനു മുറിവേല്ക്കുന്ന അനുഭവ ങ്ങൾ, വിദ്യാഭ്യാസരംഗത്തെ സമ്മർദം, ചീത്ത കൂട്ടുകെട്ടുകൾ ഇങ്ങനെ ഏറെ ഉദാഹരണങ്ങൾ പറയാൻ കഴിയും. പ്രായപൂർത്തിയായവരിൽ ജീവിതത്തിലനുഭവപ്പെടുന്ന അമിത സമ്മർദങ്ങൾ (Stressors) ഏറെക്കാലം നീണ്ടുനിന്നാൽ വിഷാദരോഗം വരാൻ സാധ്യതയുണ്ട്. കുടുംബ ജീവിതത്തിലെ പ്രശ്‌നങ്ങളും ദാമ്പത്യജീവിതത്തിലെ സംഘർഷവും വൈകാരികമായ പ്രശ്‌നങ്ങളുമൊക്കെയുള്ളതുകൊണ്ടാവാം സ്ത്രീകളിൽ മാനസിക പിരിമുറുക്കവും (Anxiety) വിഷാദ രോഗവും കൂടുതൽ കാണുന്നത്. സാമൂഹികമായ കാരണങ്ങൾ (Social Causes) ചുറ്റിലുമുള്ള സാമൂഹിക യാഥാർഥ്യ ങ്ങളും പ്രശ്‌നങ്ങളും മനോരോഗത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നതായി പഠനങ്ങൾ തെളിയിക്കുന്നു. ഉദാ: ദാരിദ്ര്യവും ജോലിയില്ലായ്മയും അസൗകര്യങ്ങളോടെ ഏറെപ്പേർക്ക് തിങ്ങിപ്പാ ർക്കേണ്ടിവരുന്ന സാഹചര്യങ്ങളും ഉന്മാദരോഗങ്ങൾക്കും മയക്കുമരുന്നുപയോഗത്തിനും (Drug Abuse) വ്യക്തിത്വവൈകല്യങ്ങൾക്കും (Psychopathy) കാരണമാകുന്നു. സാമൂഹിക പ്രശ്‌ന ങ്ങളും സാമ്പത്തിക ഞെരുക്കവും മൂർച്ഛിക്കുമ്പോൾ ആത്മഹത്യകൾ കൂടുന്നത് നമുക്കറിയാ വുന്നതാണ്. സ്വന്തം നാടുവിട്ട് അന്യപ്രദേശങ്ങളിലേക്കു കുടിയേറിയവരിൽ (Migrants) സം ശയരോഗങ്ങളും (Paranoid Disorders) വിഷാദരോഗങ്ങളും മറ്റും കൂടുതലായി കണ്ടുവരുന്നു. വിവിധ കാരണങ്ങൾ ഒരുമിച്ച് പ്രവർത്തിച്ചും പ്രതിപ്രവർത്തിച്ചും ഒരാൾ മനോരോഗം പിടിപെടാൻ സാധ്യതയുള്ള (Predisposed) ആളായിത്തീരുന്നു. ഇങ്ങനെയുള്ളവർക്കെല്ലാം മനോരോഗം പിടിപെടണമെന്നില്ല. രോഗലക്ഷണങ്ങൾ കണ്ടുതുടങ്ങുന്നത് പലപ്പോഴും പ്രതികൂ ലമായ ഒരു ജീവിതസാഹചര്യത്തെ നേരിടുമ്പോഴാകാം; ചെറിയ ഒരിച്ഛാഭംഗത്തെത്തുടർ ന്നാകാം; വലിയ ഒരു മാനസികസംഘർഷംമൂലമാകാം (Precipitating Cause) ഒരു കാരണ വുമില്ലാതെയുമാകാം. ചുരുക്കത്തിൽ വളരെ സങ്കീർണമായ വിധത്തിലാണ് രോഗകാരണങ്ങൾ ഒരു വ്യക്തി യിൽ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നതും അയാളെ മാനസികരോഗിയാക്കുന്നതും. എന്താണ് മനഃശാസ്ത്രചികിത്സ? മാനസിക രോഗങ്ങൾ ആരംഭത്തിൽ തന്നെ ചികിത്സ ആരംഭിച്ചാൽ രോഗം സുഖപ്പെടുന്ന തിനുള്ള സാധ്യത കൂടുതലാണ്. ചികിത്സ താമസിക്കുന്തോറും രോഗം മൂർച്ഛിക്കുകയുംചികിത്സ ഫലിക്കാതെ വരികയും ചെയ്യും. , മനഃശാസ്ത്ര ചികിത്സ, അസുഖത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് കുടുംബത്തെ ബോധവത്കരിക്കൽ, പുനരധിവാസം എന്നിവ വളരെ പ്രധാനമാണ്. ഇത്തരത്തിൽ പൂർണമായ ഒരു ചികിത്സയ്ക്ക് സൈക്കോളജിസ്റ്റ്സ് സൈക്യാട്രിസ്റ്റ്, സൈക്യാട്രിക് സോഷ്യ ൽ വർക്കർ എന്നിവരുടെ പരസ്പരധാരണയോടുകൂടിയ കൂട്ടായ ചികിത്സയാണ് അഭികാമ്യം. മനഃശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞനുമായി പതിവായി നടത്തുന്ന വ്യക്തിപരമായ സംഭാഷണങ്ങൾ രോഗി യുടെ മാനസിക പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾക്ക് പരിഹാരം നല്കുന്നു. രോഗിക്ക് നല്കുന്ന ഉപദേശങ്ങളിൽക്കൂടി അയാൾക്ക് തന്റെ അസുഖത്തെപ്പറ്റി മനസ്സിലാക്കാൻ കഴിയുന്നു; പൂർ ണമായും അപ്രത്യക്ഷമാകാത്ത ലക്ഷണങ്ങളോട് ഒത്തുചേർന്നു പോകാനും കഴിയുന്നു. മസ്തിഷ്‌കത്തിന്റെ ജൈവ-രാസ സന്തുലിതാവസ്ഥവീണ്ടെടുക്കുന്നതിന് ഔഷധചികി ത്സ പരമപ്രധാനമാണ്. ആന്റി സൈക്കോട്ടിക്‌ ഔഷധങ്ങൾ അസുഖത്തിന്റെ തീവലക്ഷണ ങ്ങളെ നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്നതിനും മാനസിക വൈകല്യങ്ങളെ അകറ്റുന്നതിനും ഗണ്യമായ പങ്കുവഹിക്കുന്നു. കുടുംബചികിത്സ (Family Therapy): രോഗികളുടെ കുടുംബ ത്തിന് അസുഖത്തെപ്പറ്റിയും അസുഖലക്ഷണങ്ങളെപ്പറ്റിയും ലഭ്യമായ ചികിത്സാരീ തികളെക്കുറിച്ചും രോഗിയോട് കുടുംബങ്ങൾ പുലർത്തേണ്ട മനോഭാവങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ചും പെരുമാറ്റ രീതികളെക്കുറിച്ചും വിശദമായി ചർച്ചചെയ്യുന്നു. രോഗത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് കുടുംബംഗങ്ങൾക്കുള്ള ധാരണ പ്രധാനമാണ് . മന്ദബുദ്ധിയാണ്. മടിയ നാണ്, അഭിനയമാണ് എന്ന മനോഭാവങ്ങളോടെ രോഗിയോട് പെരുമാറുന്നത്. മാറ്റിയെ ടുക്കുന്നതിന് ഇത്തരം വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം (Psycio Education) അത്യന്താപേക്ഷിതമാണ്. – ഷംഷി മുബാറക്ക്